Macarie I al Ierusalimului

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Cel întru sfinți Părintele nostru Macarie I al Ierusalimului a fost episcop de Ierusalim între anii 312 și 334. A fost un puternic oponent al lui Arie și al arianismului. Prăznuirea lui în Biserica Ortodoxă se face la 16 august sau, după Martirologiul roman, la 10 martie[1].

Viața

Little of the life of Bp. Macarius is known. According to Eusebiu de Cezareea, he became bishop of Jerusalem in 312. Bp. Macarius took part in the Sinodul I Ecumenic in 325 during which he took a strong stand against the Arian formula, a position noted abusively by Arius in a letter to Eusebiu al Nicomidiei[2]. St. Atanasie al Alexandriei, in one of his speeches against Arianism, refers to Macarius as an example of "the honest and simple style of apostolical men."

Bp. Macarius' name appears first among the bishops from Palestine who subscribed to the acts of the Council of Nicea; Eusebius of Caesarea's name appears fifth. At the council Macarius apparently contended with Eusebius of Cezareea concerning the rights of their respective sees as the seventh canon of the council noted, "As custom and ancient tradition show that the bishop of Aelia (Jerusalem) ought to be honored, he shall have precedence: without prejudice, however, to the dignity which belongs to the Metropolis," a vague statement that suggests a compromise.

St. Theophanes in his Chronography reported that, at the end of the Council at Nicea, the emperor Constantin cel Mare directed Bp. Macarius to search in Jerusalem for the sites of the Savior's Passion and Resurrection and for the True Cross. As confirmation of his direction, excavations in the city began shortly after the council and, contrary to expectations, the monument of our Savior's Resurrection was found under the remains of the temple of Venus. After hearing of the discovery, Constantine directed Macarius to erect a church (the Holy Sepulchre) on the site. Also about 325, St. Elena Împărăteasa, the mother of Constantine, was accompanied by Bp. Macarius on her journey to Jerusalem, during which time she discovered Crucea cea Adevărată.

Sozomen[3] relates an attempt by Macarius to have a popular priest of Jerusalem, Maximus, installed as Bishop of Lydia (Diospolis), but Macarius' plan was forestalled by the people of Jerusalem, who did not want Maximus to leave their city. Maximus would eventual succeed Macarius to the see of Jerusalem.

Bp. Macarius most probably reposed in 334, as Maximus III, his successor, was present at the Council of Tyre in 335.

Referințe

  1. ↑ Părintele Macarie de la Simonos Petras, în Sinaxarul său notează că Sf. Macarie I al Ierusalimului nu apare în sinaxarele bizantine, dar că este comemorat la mai multe date în diferite sinaxare, calendare, lecționare sau martirologii istorice: 7 februarie, 16 august și 28 octombrie în Calendarul georgian de la Ierusalim din secolul al X-lea (éd. GARITTE, Calendrier, pp. 153, 165, 304 et 369-370) și la 10 martie în Martirologiul roman. Unele lecționare grecești comemorează la 26 februarie un Macarie al Ierusalimului, fără alte precizări (GARITTE, p. 153, 165).
  2. ↑ Teodoret, Church History I.4
  3. ↑ Sozomen, Church History II.20
Casetă de succesiune:
Macarie I al Ierusalimului
Precedat de:
Ermon 		Episcop al Ierusalimului
312-334 		Urmat de:
Maxim al III-lea



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