Sfinți (cronologie)
Acest articol (sau părți din el) este propus spre traducere din limba engleză!
Dacă doriți să vă asumați acestă traducere (parțial sau integral), anunțați acest lucru pe pagina de discuții a articolului. |
Acest articol îşi propune să fie o mărturie despre sfinţi şi sfinţenie în Biserica Ortodoxă de-a lungul veacurilor, în ordinea cronologică a trecerii lor la Domnul.
SFINȚI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
|
||||
|
Din 20 î.Hr. până la perioada Noului Testament
- cca 22-19 î.Hr.: Ioachim şi Ana primesc vestea cea bună [1], 9 decembrie.
- cca 22-19 î.Hr.: Naşterea Maicii Domnului, 8 septembrie.
- cca 19-16 î.Hr.: Intrarea în Biserică a Maicii Domnului, la vârsta de trei ani.
- cca 16-9 î.Hr.: Conform tradiţiei ortodoxe, Ioachim şi Ana se retrag în Wâdî Qilt, situată în deşert între Ierusalim şi Ierihon.
- cca 12-9 î.Hr.: Adormirea Sfintei Ana, mama Maicii Domnului, 25 iulie [2]
- cca 7-4 î.Hr.: Se naşte Hristos în Betleem în 17 aprilie; Magii [3], sunt pomeniţi la Matei 2; Păstorii de la naştere [4], sunt pomeniţi în Luca 2.
- 4 î.Hr. Alte evenimente: Apostolul Pavel se naşte în Tars; moare Irod cel Mare.
- Date necunoscute:
- Zaharia şi Elisabeta, părinţii Sfântului Ioan Botezătorul, 24 iunie.
Secolul întâi(1-100)
Epoca Noului Testament(1-30)
Since the deaths of many of the biblical personalities can not be traced, for the purposes of the New Testament era, we will list the chronological appearance of these same personalities, as they are documented in the Scripture.
- 12 Tiberius I, stepson of Augustus, became emperor of Rome
- 25-26 c, Death of Joseph the Betrothed [5]
- 27 c, John the Baptist [6] begins his ministry including the Baptism of Christ
- 27-30 c, Three year ministry of Christ [7]
- 28 c, John the Baptist is executed by Herod Antipas [8]
- 30 c, Other events: First death of Lazarus; Dismas the thief crucified on Golgotha Hill outside Jerusalem alongside Christ, the first to enter heaven (Luke 23:43); Judas Iscariot hangs himself.
- 30 c,Death and Resurrection of Lord Jesus Christ the Son of God. [9]
Apostolic Era (30-100)
The Apostolic period can begin with the death of Christ, or from the Day of Pentecost, and ends with the Apostle John and covers about seventy years.
- 31 c, Apostle Stephen, the Protomartyr of Christianity., delivers a speech before the Sanhedrin (Acts 6:8-8:1) and is stoned to death, December 27.
- 34 Death of Philip, tetrach of Iturea; Apostle Nikanor the deacon (Acts 6:1-6), July 28
- 35-44 c, The Dormition [10] of the Theotokos, the Mother of Christ, August 15.
- 44 Agrippa I beheads Apostle James (son of Zebedee and brother of John), July 25; Agrippa I is eaten by worms and dies.
- 50 Gamaliel [11], teacher of the Apostle Paul dies.
- 54 Claudius dies, probably poisoned. Apostle Stachys, of the Seventy, 2nd Bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), October 31.
- 59 c, Probus, bishop of Verona in Italy, January 12 Format:Citation
- 60-62 c, Apostle Andrew, [12] 1st bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), November 30
- 60-63 c, Second death of Lazarus, Bishop of Kittium.
- 60 Saints Aristarchos, Pudens (2 Tim. 4:21), and Trophimos, the Apostles of the Seventy, April 14.
- 61 c, Apostle Barnabas, founder of the Church of Cyprus, traditionally thought to have been martyred in Salamis.
- 62 Porcius Festus dies.; Apostle James, the brother of the Lord and first bishop of Jerusalem, is stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, during the short interval between Porcius Festus and Albinus [13].
- 64 Clateus, bishop of Brescia in Italy murdered under Nero, June 4; c, 64-67 Peter, son of Jonah and founder of the Church of Antioch, martyred head downwards, June 29; First Martyrs of Rome, falsely charged by Nero, June 30 [14].
- 65 Torpes, martyr in Pisa, Italy under Nero April 29.
- 66 Evellius, advisor of Nero, converted to Christ on witnessing the patience of the martyrs and then himself martyred in Pisa, Italy, May 11; Hermagoras and Fortunatus, according to tradition, Hermagoras was a disciple of Apostle Mark and was consecrated Bishop of Auileia in Italy. He and his deacon Fortunatus were beheaded under Nero, July 12; Priscus, 1st bishop of Capua, Italy sent by Apostle Peter, martyred under Nero, September 1; Photine of Samaria, Anatole, Photo, Photis, Paraskeve, Kyriake, Photinos and Joses and the Duke Sebastianos, martyred under Emperor Nero.
- 67 c, Paul, founder of the Church of Rome, beheaded in Rome;
- 68 Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, 3rd bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), February 15; Anastasia and Basilissa, martyrs in Rome [15] April 15.
- 69 Domnina and companions, [16] April 14.
- 76 Linus, [17] 1st bishop of Rome and disciple of Apostle Paul January 4.
- 78 Candida the Elder, [18] September 4.
- 80 Perpetua, [19] August 4.
- 88 Anacletus, 2nd bishop of Rome.
- 89 Polucarpus I, bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople).
- 90-96 (2nd) Persection of Christians under Emperor Domitian.
- 90 Onesimus, [20] February 16; Birillus, bishop of Catania (Sicily), [21] March 21; Romulus and companions, [22] July 6; Nicomedes, [23] September 15; Rufus of Rome, [24] November 21.
- 92 Mark of Galilee, [25] 1st bishop of Abruzzi (Italy), April 28.
- 96 Martyrdom of Dionysius the Areopagite of the Seventy; Flavius Clemens, [26] beheaded by his nephew Domitian, June 22.
- 98 Clement, [27] 3rd bishop of Rome, November 25.
- 99 Maro, Eutyches and Victorinus, [28], martyred under Trajan, April 15.
- 100 Nereus and Achilleus, [29] beheaded in Terracina (Italy), May 12; Geruntius of Italica, bishop of Talco (Italica, near Seville) and martyr [30] August 25; Prosdocimus, 1st bishop of Padua in Italy, November 7;
- 100 Death [31] of St. John the Theologian in Ephesus.
Close of the Apostolic Age
Second Century (101-200) the sub-Apostolic Age
More commonly referred to as the "sub-Apostolic age", begins and ends with the second century.
- 105 Plutarch, bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople)
- 107 c, Symeon the Zealot (Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13), 2nd bishop of Jerusalem, is crucified [32] at the age of 120, location disputed; c, Ignatius, 3rd bishop of Antioch, martyred in Rome (or c, 115).
- 108-124 (3rd) Persection of Christians under Emperor Trajan and continuing under Emperor Hadrian.
- c.120 Martyrdom of Eleutherios, Bp. of Illyria, and his mother Anthia, December 15.
- c.130 Death of Apostle Quadratus, of the Seventy; Papias, bishop of Heriopolis and apostolic father.
- 138 Telephorus, bishop of Rome, the only 2nd-century pope who's martyrdom is historically verifiable.
- 155 Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, martyred by being burned to death in the arena in Smyrna.Format:Citation
- 160 Marcian, heretic, dies.
- 165 Valentium, Gnostic heretic, dies; Justin Martyr and disciples denounced as Christian, scourged and beheaded for refusing to sacrifice; Peregrinus Proteus becomes Christian and leader of a synagogue, then takes up the life of a Cynic. He ends his life by burning himself on a pyre at the Olympiad of 165 in Athens.
- 177-180 (4th) Persecutions of Christians under Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180).
- 177 Pothinus, bishop of Lyons, Blandina, Ponticus at others martyr in Lyons dying in the "odor of sanctity".
- 180 Dyfan of Merthyr first martyr in British Isles, May 14; The twelve Scillitan Martyrs [33] executed in Scillium of North Africa the earliest documented martyrdom of the Church of Africa, July 17; Marcus Aurelius dies of plague.
- 190 Melito, bishop of Sardis, dies.
- c.200-202 Irenaeus of Lyons dies, possibly martyrdom.
Secolul al III-lea (201-300)
- 202 Moartea Marelui Mucenic Haralambie, Episcop de Magnezia.
- 202-211 (Cea de-a V-a) Persecuţie a creştinilor sub împăratul Septimiu Severus (193-211)
- 203 Sfintele Perpetua şi Felicitas, au parte de moarte mucenicească în Cartagina, Africa de Nord 7 martie.
- 209 c, Alban, primul mucenic din Britania, în Verulamium, 17 iunie.
- 215 c, Clement of Alexandria dies; Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem, dies.
- 222 Moare Bardaisan din Edessa.
- 225 Desecul lui Tertullian
- 235-238 (Cea de-a VI-a) Persecuţie a creştinilor sub împăratul Maximinus Thrax.
- 236 Decesul lui Ipolit al Romei în exil.
- 249-251 (Cea de-a VII-a) Persecuţie a creştinilor sub împăratul Decius.
- 249 c, Hristofor din Licia Mărturisitorul, Cynocephalus, mucenic în 9 mai.
- 250 c, Fabian, Episcopul Romei, este arestat şi moare ca mucenic, probabil din cauza tratamentului din închisoare; Vavila, Episcop al Antiohiei, moare în închisoare în timpul persecuţiilor lui Decius; Alexandru, episcop al Ierusalimului moare în închisoare în timpul persecuţiilor lui Decius; Mucenicia lui Hristofor din Licia; Mucenicia lui Ciprian şi Iustina la Nicomidia; Mucenicul sfinţit Leonid, Episcop al Atenei.
- 251 c, Agata, moare ca mucenică în Sicilia în 5 februarie; Isidor şi Mirope suferă moarte mucenicească în Chios în 2 decembrie.
- 254 Origen moare în Tyre ca urmare a întemniţării din timpul persecuţiilor lui Decian.
- 257-260 (Cea de-a VIII-a) Persecuţie a creştinilor sub împăratul Valerian (253-260).
- 257 Ştefan, episcop al Romei, moare, probabil ca mucenic; Novatian suferă moarte mucenicească în timpul persecuţiilor lui Valerian.
- 258 Xystus al II-lea, episcopul Romei suferă moarte mucenicească; Ciprian al Cartaginei moare ca mucenic în 14 septembrie.
- 265 Dionis, episcop al Alexandrei moare.
- 268 Gallienus este asasinat.
- 270 Moare Plotinus; Claudiu al II-lea moare de ciumă; Trece la Domnul Grigorie Tămăduitorul, fondatorul Bisericii din Cappadocia.
- 275 Aurelian este asasinat.
- 276 Tacit este asasinat.
- 281 Prob este asasinat.
- 283 Mucenicii-feciorelnici, soţ şi soţie Hrisant şi Daria primesc moarte mucenicească în 19 martie.
- 284 Mucenicia lui Cosma şi Damian, Andrei Stratilat şi 2,593 soldaţi împreună cu el în Cilicia.
- 286 Mucenicii Timotei şi Mavra.
- 290 Anastasia Pharmakolitria care a primit mucenicie prin foc în Sirmium, în 22 decembrie.
Secolul al IV-lea (301-400)
- 302 Cei 20,000 de mucenici arşi în Nicomidia, printre care şi Glyceriu, Zeno, Teofil, Doroteu, Mardoniu, Migdoniu, Indes, Gorgoniu, Petru, Eutimiu şi fecioarele Agape, Domna, Teofila şi alţii, în 10 ianuarie.
- 303-311 (Cea de-a X-a) Persecuţie a creştinilor sub împăratul Diocleţian, numită şi Marea persecuţie
- 303 Mucenicia lui Gheorghe Purtătorul de Biruinţă la Nicomidia şi Marele Mucenic Pantelimon.
- 304 Marcellinus, bishop of Rome, dies during persecution; Amphibalus, died at Verulamium (St Albans) Hertforshire, June 25; Charitina of Amisus, October 5; Anysia of Thessaloniki, December 30.
- 305 Great martyr Catherine of Alexandria, November 24/25; Barbara of Heliopolis, December 4
- 306 Cyril, bishop of Antioch, dies at mines; Death of Great-martyr and Myrrh-streamer Demetrios of Thessaloniki, October 26; Bp. Parthenios of Lampsacus.
- 309 Martyrdom of Shmona, Gurya of Edessa.
- 310-379 (11th) Persecution of Christians under Persian King Shapur II
- 310 Habbib of Edessa martyred.
- 311 Peter I, bishop of Alexandria, martyred.
- 312 Lucian of Antioch dies in Nicomedia from torments suffered during persecution, January 7.
- 313 Maximian dies in Tarsus, ca. August.
- 314 ca. death of Tiridates, king of Armenia (or as late as 330).
- 315 c, Alexandra (Prisca), Empress of Rome and wife of Diocletian executed by Licinius, April 21
- 316 ca. death of Diocletian;
- 316 Blaise, bishop of Sebaste and physician, martyred under Licinius along with 2 children and seven women February 11.
- 319 Matyrdom of Theodore Stratelates ("the General"), under Licinius.
- 320 ca, The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste in Armenia.
- 326 Alexander of Alexandria, Archbishop of Alexandria died April 17 (FD:May 29); c, Papa, bishop of Nisibis dies.
- 329 Irene of Thessaloniki dies, May 5; Helena, mother of Constantine dies, May 21.
- 332 Gregory the Illuminator of Armenia dies.
- 335 Sylvester I, bishop of Rome dies, December 31.
- 336 Arius dies, perhaps poisoned just before he is to be restored to office of presbyter in Alexandria
- 337 Constantine the Great, dies shortly after baptism at Pascha in Nicomedia, May 21.
- 340 ca,Eusebius of Caesarea, Church historian, dies; ca. Paul of Thebes, traditionally considered the first hermit, dies.
- 344 Martyrdom of Simeon bar-Sabba'e.
- 345 Nicholas of Myra; ca, Aphrat "the Persian" dies.
- 346 ca, Pachomius the Great dies of plague; Barbashmin, catholicos, Seleucia-Ctesiphon martyred.
- 348 Spyridon of Trimythous.
- 355 Nino of Cappadocia.
- 356 Anthony the Great.
- 362 hieromartyr Basil, bishop of Ancyra, executed under Julian the Apostate June 29 (fd.January 1).
- 367 Hilary, bishop of Poitiers January 13.
- 373 Athanasius the Great, bishop of Alexandria (d.May 2/fd.January 18); Ephrem the Syrian.
- 379 Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea January 1.
- 383 Frumentius of Axum, bishop of Axum and Apostle to Ethiopia, November 30.
- 385 Gregory of Nyssa.
- 386 Cyril of Jerusalem.
- 387 Monica of Hippo, mother of Augustine of Hippo, May 4.
- 391 Gregory the Theologian.
- 392 Macarius the Great.
- 397 Martin, bishop of Tours, dies at Candes November 11; Ambrose, bishop of Milan dies April 4 (FD:December 7)
- 398 c, Martyrdom of 10,000 Fathers of the Scetis by Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria.
- Unknown dates:
Fifth century (401-500)
- 404 Martyrdom of Telemachus.
- 407 John Chrysostom in exile.
- 429 Sisoes the Great.
- 430 Augustine, bishop of Hippo d.August 28 (fd.June 15).
- 432 Ninian, Apostle to the Picts; Celestine of Rome, bishop of Rome, d.April 6 (fd.8).
- 435 John Cassian and Acacius of Melitene.
- 440 Alexios the Man of God, March 17.
- 444 Cyril of Alexandria.
- 450 Peter Chrysologus.
- 459 Symeon the Stylite.
- 461 Leo the Great and Patrick of Ireland.
- 463 c, Patapius of Thebes.
- 466 Shenouda the Great (Coptic).
- 473 Euthymius the Great.
- 474 Gildas the Wise, "Badonnicus", January 29.
- 486 Diadochos, Bp of Photiki, March 29.
- 493 Daniel the Stylite, December 11.
- Unknown dates:
- Alexios the Man of God, monk died in Rome March 17.
- King Brychan of Brecknock [34] of Brycheiniog, South Wales, April 6.
- Padarn of Wales, bishop and founder of Llandabarn Fawr, April 15.
Sixth centuy (501-600)
- 523 c, Brigid, (Mary of the Gael, died at Kildair, Ireland, February 1.
- 529 Theodosius the Great.
- 532 Sabbas the Sanctified.
- 533 Bp. Remigius of Rheims, 'the Apostle of the Franks', October 1 and January 13.
- 540 c, Elizabeth the Wonderworker of Constantinople, April 24.
- 543 Benedict of Nursia, died with arms lifted in prayer March 14.
- 556 Roman the Melodist.
- 560 Clodoald (Cloud), [35] hermit at Nogent-Sur-Seine, Paris September 7.
- 577 Brendan the Voyager, abbot of Clonfert, May 16.
- 579 400 Martyrs slain by Lombards in Sicily.
- 582 Eutychius of Constantinople, April 6.
- 584 c, Deiniol, abbot of Bangor, September 11.
- 597 Columba, abbot of Iona, June 9.
- 599 Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop of Antioch, April 20.
- Unknown dates 6th-century
- Branwallader or Brelade, January 19.
- Cumein of Iona, abbot of Iona, February 24.
- Chad of Lichfield, bishop of Lichfield, March 2.
- Brynach, 6th century hermit, April 7.
- Asaph, bishop of Llanelwy, May 1.
- Aldhelm, bishop of Sherborne, May 25.
- c.535-545 Helier of Jersey, cave-dweller of Jersey, martyred July 16.
- Blane, bishop of Bute (Dunblane) and disciple of St. Comgall and Canice, August 11
Seventh century (601-700)
- 604 Gregory the Dialogist.
- 605 Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury, May 26.
- 612 Dubricius, Abp. of Caerleon and Wales, November 14.
- 614 65,000 Christians in Jerusalem massacred.
- 615 Columbanus in Italy.
- 618 Donnan & companions, abbot, monks and martyrs in Eigg, April 17.
- 625 Vitalius the Venerable
- 632 Aed, bishop of Ferns, January 31.
- 633 Modestus of Jerusalem; Finbar, first bishop of Cork and confessor, September 25.
- 640 Beuno the Wonderworker, Abbot of Clynnog, died on the "7th day of Easter", fd. April 21; Eanswythe, Saxon princess descendant of King Saint Aethelbert, August 31.
- 650 Fursey, abbot of Lagny (Paris), January 7; Virgin-martyr Dymphna, May 15
- 651 Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne and disciple of St. Senan, August 31.
- 655 Martin the Confessor.
- 658 c, Felix of Burgundy, enlightener of East Anglia, March 8.
- 662 Maximus the Confessor.
- 664 Cedd of Lastingham, bishop of the East Saxons, January 7; Boisil, abbot of Melrose Abbey (Scotland), February 23.
- 670 Fiacre, hermit at Meauz (France), August 30.
- 672 Chad, bishop of Lichfield, March 2
- 679 Etheldreda, abbess of Ely and Queen of Northumbria, June 17.
- 680 Botolph, abbot of Icanho (in East Anglia), June 17; Hilda, abbess of Whitby, August 25.
- 681 c, Caedmon, [36] February 11
- 683 Ebba of Northumbria, first abbess of Coldingham, Northumbria and daughter of King Ethelfrith, August 25.
- 685 Anastasius of Sinai, [37], ascetic, April 20; Constantine the New, Byzantine emperor, September 3
- 687 Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, March 200.
- 689 Benedict Biscop, abbot of Jarrow, died at Wearmouth, CoDurham, January 12.
- 693 Eerconwald, bishop of London April 30.
- 700 c,Isaac of Syria.
- Unknown 7th-century dates:
Eighth century (701-800)
- 707 John Maron.
- 712 c, Andrew, [38] bishop of Crete dies in Mytilene, July 4
- 714 Guthlac of Crowland, hermit April 11.
- 716 Donald of Ogilvy, Confessor of Scotland, July 15.
- 725 Cuthburga of Wimborne, Queen and first abbess of Wimborne, August 31.
- 731 Gerald, bishop of Mayo, march 13.
- 735 Venerable Bede, monk of Jarrow, Father of English History d.May 25.
- 739 Willibrord
- 749 John of Damascus
- 752 Zacharias of Rome
- 754 Boniface, the Apostle to the Germans June 5
- 787 c, Cosmas the Hymnographer, bishop of Majuma
- Unknown dates:
- Cuthman of Steyning, founder of St Andrew's, Steyning, February 8.
- Basil the Confessor, [39] bishop of Parium April 12.
- Donald of Scotland, died in Olgivy, Forfarshire (Scotland), July 15.
Nineth century (801-900)
- 826 Theodore the Studite.
- 828 Patr. Nicephorus I of Constantinople.
- 865 Ansgar, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, apostle and enlightener of Denmark died February 3.
- 867 Kassiani, Greek-Byzantine poet and hymnographer, who composed the Hymn of Kassiani, chanted during Holy Week on Holy Wednesday.
- 870 Rastislav of Moravia; martyrdom of Edmund, King of East Anglia.
- 877 Ignatius I of Constantinople.
- 885 Methodius.
- 899 Alfred the Great.
Tenth century (901-1000)
- 925 c, Peter of Argos
- 934 Birnstan, bishop of Winchester, England and confessor, d.November 4.
- 935 Martyrdom of Wenceslaus, prince of the Czechs.
- 955 Edred, King of England, November 23
- 969 Olga of Kiev, grandmother of the Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev, d. July 11.
- 978 Edward the Martyr, King of England, March 18.
- 988 Dunstan, Abp. of Canterbury, May 19.
- 991 Metr. Michael I, (1st) Metropolitan of Kiev.
Eleventh century (1001-1100)
- 1007 Metr. Leontii of Kiev
- 1012 Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury d.April 19.
- 1015 Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev, July 15 and his sons Boris and Gleb, July 24.
- 1022 Simeon the New Theologian.
- 1035 Metr. Ivan I of Kiev
- 1049 Metr. Feopemt of Kiev
- 1050 Metr Kirill I of Kiev
- 1054 Metr. Ilarion of Kiev
- 1065 Barlaam of the Kiev Caves [40] d.November 19
- 1073 Anthony of the Kiev Caves [41] d.May 7 (fd. Sep 2).
- 1074 Theodosius of the Kiev Caves d.May 3.
- 1077 Metr. Grigorii II of Kiev
- 1089 Metr. Ivan II of Kiev
- 1091 Metr. Ivan III of Kiev
- 1097 Metr. Ephraim II of Kiev
- Unknown dates:
- Basil and Theodore, hieromartyrs of the Kiev Caves August 11.
- Theodora of Vasta, September 11.
Twelfth century (1101-1200)
- 1102 Metr. Nikolai of Kiev
- 1121 Metr. Nikifor I of Kiev
- 1126 Metr. Nikita of Kiev
- 1145 Metr. Michael II of Kiev
- 1158 Metr. Constantine, of Kiev, June 5
- 1163 Metr. Feodor of Kiev
- 1166 Metr. Ivan IV of Kiev
- 1177 Metr. Konstantin II of Kiev
- 1198 Metr. Nikifor II of Kiev
Thirteenth century (1201-1300)
- 1263 Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Vladimir and Novgorod [42]November 14
- 1268 c, Theodora of Arta, March 11.
- 1281 Charitina, abbess of Novgorod monastery and Princess of Lithuania, October 5
- 1282 Zographou martyrs, burnt alive at Mount Athos, October 10.
- 1299 Daumantas of Pskov, May 17.
- Unknown dates:
Fourteenth century (1301-1400)
- 1303 Daniel of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow, March 17.
- 1337 Daniel II of Pec, Abp of Serbia, January 2
- 1347 Anthony, John, and Eustathius of Vilnius martrys of the Muscovite mission, April 14.
- 1359 Gregory Palamas, Abp of Thessalonika, November 14.
- 1378 Alexis (1296?–1378), Metropolitan of Moscow (Kiev) and all Russia, February 12.
- 1391 c, Nicholas Cabasilas, June 20.
- Unknown dates:
Fifteenth century (1401-1500)
- 1426 c, Ephraim of Nea Makri, May 5.
- 1450 Ipomoni of Loutraki, Augusta Helen Palaiologos, March 13.
- 1453 Constantine XI Palaiologos, ethnomartyr, see Fall of Constantinople, May 29.
- 1462 Matrona of Chios, October 20.
- 1463 Martyrdom of Raphael, Nicholas and Irene, Bright Tuesday.
- 1496 Daniel the Hermit [43] of Voronet, December 18
Sixteenth century (1501-1600)
- 1533 Alexander, Abbot of Svir, the only person other than Abraham, to be visited by the Holy Trinity, died 85 years old, August 30.
- 1545 Artemius of Verkola, [44] struck by lightning June 23 (FD: October 20).
- 1557 Basil the Blessed Fool-for-Christ d. August 2.
- 1570 Cornelius of the Pskov Caves, [45] martyred by Tsar Ivan IV (the terrible), February 20; c, 79. Gerasimos of Cephalonia, August 15.
- 1589 Philothei of Athens, February 19.
Seventeenth century (1601-1700)
- 1601 New Hieromartyr Seraphim, Bishop of Phanarion and Neokhorion, December 4
- 1602 Seraphim of Lebadeia, May 6
- 1622 Dionysius of Zakynthos, December 17.
- 1649 hieromartyr Athanasius, [46] abbot of the Brest-Litovsk monastery was decapitated by the Polish-Lithuanian government, September 5.
- 1657 New-martyr Demetrios of Philadelphia, June 2
- 1671 Mtr. Basil, of Ostrog and Tvrdoš, April 29.
- 1682 Ahmed the Calligrapher, May 3.
- 1700 Athanasius of Attalia, [47] beheaded January 7.
Eighteenth century (1701-1800)
- 1709 Dimitri of Rostov, October 28]].
- 1712 Fr. Maxim Leontiev Format:Citation
- 1716 Metr. Antimos of Iberia, [48] ambushed by Turkish soldiers on the bank of the Tundzha River September 14.
- 1730 John the Russian, May 27
- 1731 Innocent, 1st bishop of Irkutsk in central Siberia [49], November 26
- 1774 Athanasius, [50] September 8
- 1779 Kosmas, [51], of Aitolia, new martyr and Equal-to-the-Apostles, August 24.
- 1784 Neophytos, Kausokalyvite father.
- 1794 Paisius Velichkovsky of Moldova and Mt. Athos, November 15
- 1796 Juvenaly of Alaska, protomartyr of America, July 2
Nineteenth century (1801-1900)
- 1805 Makarios of Corinth, a central figure in the Kollyvades movement.
- 1809 Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain, July 14.
- 1813 Athanasios Paros, the Master of the Greek Nation, died in his cell of St. George the Refston in Chios, June 24.
- 1816 Martyrdom of Peter the Aleut near San Francisco.
- 1821 Nikephoros of Chios, May 1; Constantine Hagarit, martyred June 15; Martyrdom of Patr. Gregory V of Constantinople, Abp. Kyprianos of Cyprus and Abp. Gerasimos of Crete.
- 1833 Seraphim of Sarov.
- 1837 Herman of Alaska, Spruce Island, December 13.
- 1860 Alexei Khomiakov.
- 1864 Jacob Netsvetov, July 26.
- 1868 The three saints nick named "Papoulakos": Joachim of Vatopaidi, March 2; Monk Christophoros (Panagiotopoulos).
- 1877 Arsenios of Paros, January 31.
- 1879 Innocent of Alaska, Equal-to-the-Apostles, March 31.
- 1891 Ambrose of Optina, [52] died October 23 (FD: October 10).
- 1900 Meletius, bishop of Ryazan, missionary to Yakutia, January 14; Martyrdom of Orthodox Christians in Chinese Boxer Rebellion (Yihetuan Movement), June 11.
Twentieth century (1901-2000)
Twentyfirst century (2001-Present)
- 2001 Elder Haralambos Dionysiatis, teacher of noetic prayer.
- 2004 In September, a helicopter carrying Patr. Petros VII (Papapetrou) of Alexandria along with 16 others (including 3 other bishops of the Church of Alexandria) crashed into the Aegean Sea while en route to the monastic community of Mount Athos with no survivors.
- 2007 Protopresbyter Elias Wen.
- 2008 Abp. Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens.
- 2009 Joseph of Vatopedi, June 30requires confirmation Funeral: July 1.
Vezi şi
Note
- ↑ Sfântul Ioachim şi Ana aduc daruri în templul Domnului din Ierusalim de sărbătoarea anuală a Sfinţirii(Hanukkah) şi Sărbătorii Luminilor (cf. Macabei 4:52-59; 2 Macabei 10:5).
- ↑ Sfântul Ioachim a trăit 80 de ani iar Ana 79. Ei au mai trăit în jur de şapte ani după ce Maria a fost încredinţată templului, astfel încât Maica Domnului avea în jur de zece ani la moartea lor.
- ↑ Folclorul european a păstrat numele magilor ca fiind Baltazar, Melchior şi Gaspar (sau Caspar)
- ↑ "Cartea albinei" siriană sugerează că numele păstorilor care au fost la Naşterea Domnului sunt Aşer, Zabulon, Iust, Nicodim, Iosif, Barşaba şi Jose?.
- ↑ The apocryphal account, "The History of Joseph", a 4th century document the last years of Joseph's life. According to St. Epiphanios of Cyprus (c315-403), the Elder Joseph lived to a profound old age, having entered into rest at the age of one hundred and ten years old. He reposed just before Christ entered His public ministry to preach the Gospel
- ↑ The Ministry of St. John the Baptist begins in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2). He preaches, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 3:1-2) and baptising Christ in the Jordan (Mark 1:4-11)
- ↑ The three year ministry of Christ includes the appointment of the Twelve Apostles, Sermon on the Mount, miracles, transfiguration, etc
- ↑ The execution of Saint John the Baptist has been recorded in "Antiquitates Judaicae" in Latin published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephhus about 93 or 94 AD, 18.5.2
- ↑ 30AD is thought to be the most accurate dating of the death, resurrection and Pentecost amongst academics and has been used for this article in lieu of 33AD.
- ↑ At the time of her death tradition states she was in her early fifties.
- ↑ Gamaliel is celebrated as a Pharisee doctor of Jewish Law, who was the teacher of Apostle Paul; the author of the Book of Acts portrays Gamaliel with great respect (Acts 5:34, 22:3)
- ↑ Apostle Andrew is traditionally thought to have been martyred in Achaia at Patras by cruxifixion.
- ↑ The death of James the Just is also recorded in "Antiquitates Judaicae" published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, 20.9.1
- ↑ Source: w:First Martyrs of the Church of Rome
- ↑ Noble Roman ladies, disciples of the Apostles Paul and Peter, whose bodies they buried. They were martyred under Nero.
- ↑ A virgin martyred in Terni in Italy at the same time as Bishop Valentine.
- ↑ The first bishop of Rome. A disciple of the Apostle Paul, he was one of the Seventy and is mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21. He was bishop for twelve years and is venerated as a martyr.
- ↑ An aged woman who welcomed the Apostle Peter in Naples and was miraculously healed by him. In her turn she convered St. Aspren who became the first Bishop of Naples.
- ↑ A matron from Rome baptised by the Apostle Peter who converted her husband and her son, St. Nazarius. Her relics are enshrined in Milan and Cremona in Italy.
- ↑ The slave who ran away from his master Philemon and was converted by St. Paul in Rome and was the occasion of the Apostle's letter to Philemon.
- ↑ By tradition he was consecrated first Bishop of Catania in Sicily by the Apostle Peter, with whom he had travelled from Antioch. He reposed in extreme old age.
- ↑ By tradition ordained by the Apostle Peter as first pastor of Fiesole, he was martyred with several companions under Domitian
- ↑ By tradition he was a priest martyred in Rome, perhaps under Domitian.
- ↑ The disciple that St. Paul greets in Romans 16:13.
- ↑ By tradition, a Galilean and the first bishop, and also martyr, of the Abruzzi in Italy.
- ↑ Brother of the Emperor Vespasian and uncle of Titus and Domitian, whose niece, Flavia Domitilla, he married. In 95AD he held a consular office together with Domitian. The following year Domitian beheaded him for the Christian faith.
- ↑ The date is uncertain. Early sources noted that he died a natural death, perhaps in Greece. A tradition dated from the ninth century tells of his martyrdom in Crimea in 102 by drowning when thrown overboard from a boat with a ship’s anchor tied to him.
- ↑ They belonged to the circle of Flavia Domitilla, whome they accompanied in exile to the island of Ponza. Eventually they retured to Rome and were martyred under Trajan.
- ↑ Pretorian soldiers, by tradition baptised by the Apostle Peter, and exiled with Flavia Domitilla to Pontia and later to Terracina in Italy
- ↑ A missionary in Spain in the Apostolic Age
- ↑ Account of the miracle that occured at his grave: When over 100 years old, St. John took seven disciples outside of Ephesus and had them dig a grave in the shape of a cross. St. John then went into the grave, and the disciples buried him there, alive. Later on, when his grave was opened, St. John’s body was not there. ‘On May 8 of each year, dust rises up from his grave, by which the sick are healed of various diseases.’
- ↑ The crucifixion of Symeon possibly includes Jewish involvement: From Eusebius' Church History 3.32.4: "And the same writer says that his accusers also, when search was made for the descendants of David, were arrested as belonging to that family." Sidenote 879: "This is a peculiar statement. Members of the house of David would hardly have ventured to accuse Symeon on the ground that he belonged to that house. The statement is, however, quite indefinite. We are not told what happened to these accusers, nor indeed that they really were of David’s line, although the ὡσ€ν with which Eusebius introduces the charge does not imply any doubt in his own mind, as Lightfoot quite rightly remarks. It is possible that some who were of the line of David may have accused Symeon, not of being a member of that family, but only of being a Christian, and that the report of the occurrence may have become afterward confused."
- ↑ The account of Scillitan Martyrs is based on trial records, though it has been embellished with miraculous and apocryphal material.
- ↑ Famous for how many children he had
- ↑ Saint Cloud was ordained a priest by Bishop Eusebius of Paris in 551.
- ↑ It is implied that Caedmon lived at Streonæshalch during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E-text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.
- ↑ Saint Anastasius of Sinai should not be confused with Saint Anastasius I of Antioch also called Anastasius of Sinai and venerated on the same day. They lived in separate centuries.
- ↑ Andrew of Crete: Church historians are divided on the date of his death. Some suggest 712 and others 726.
- ↑ Basil the Confessor is not to be confused with Basil the Confessor the companion of the venerable Procopius at Decapolis who is commemorated February 28.
- ↑ Barlaam of the Kiev Caves was glorified in the 11th century.
- ↑ Anthony of the Kiev Caves was glorified in the 11th century.
- ↑ Saint Alexander Nevsky was recognised as a saint by the Church of Russia in 1547.
- ↑ St. Daniel the Hermit was officially glorified by the Synod of the Church of Romania in 1992.
- ↑ Artemius of Verkola was a twelve year old struck by lightning in a field. His relics were taken to the church of St. Nicholas in 1577,
- ↑ St. Cornelius of the Pskov Caves martyrdom is recorded in the old manuscripts of the Trinity-Sergiev Lavra
- ↑ According to the synaxarion of the Ormylia monastery, Athanasius of Brest-Litovsk was decapitated by the Polish-Lithuanian government persecutors and his corpse thrown into a pit. It was found some time later incorrupt.
- ↑ The relics of Athanasius of Attalia are buried in the church of St. Paraskevi in Smyrna.
- ↑ Metr. Antimos of Iberia glorified by Church of Romania in 1992 and later by Church of Georgia.
- ↑ Saint Innocent of Irkutsk (1680-1731) is the first bishop of Irkutsk in central Siberia.
- ↑ Athanasius studied under Athanasius Paros in Thessaloniki and became a monk. Not willing to convert to the Islamic faith, he was hung and buried near the Church of St. Paraskeve
- ↑ St. Kosmas of Aetolia (b. Aetolia, Greece 1714-1779) is a prophet, New Hieromartyr and Equal to the Apostles
- ↑ Saint Ambrose of Optina was canonised in 1988 by the local council of the Russian Orthodox Church
Further Reading
- Sources and literature relating to the Apostolic Age
- The Canonical books of the New Testament;
- The post-Apostolic and Patristic writings;
- Apocryphal and Heretical literature;
- Jewish Sources such as:
- The "Acts of the Martyrs." Cross, F.L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University press. 2005.
- Accredited Orthodox historians
- Father John Meyendorff:
- "The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church"
- "Rome-Constantinople-Moscow Historical and Theological Studies"
- List of Orthodox Saints
- http://www.orthodox.net/links/saints-by-name.html - List of Orthodox Saints, organised Alphabetically
- http://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/
- http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/