Sinodul de la Rimini
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Sinodul de la Rimini, sau Ariminum, a fost un sinod local al Bisericii Creștine timpurii care s-a ținut la Ariminum, orașul italian Rimini din zilele noastre. Sinodul a fost unul dintre mai multe sinoade de la mijlocul secolului al patrulea care au încercat sa oprească disputele cu aderenți ai unor forme extreme de Arianism ce au urmat Sinodului I Ecumenic.
In 358, the Roman Emperor Constantius II requested two councils, one of western bishops at Ariminum and the other of eastern bishops at Seleucia that were to resolve the Arian controversy over the nature of the divinity of Jesus Christ that that continued to divided the fourth century church. The Seleucia was originally planned for Nicomedia but was held at Seleucia after an earthquake had struck Nicomedia.[1]
In July 359, the western council of some 300 to 400[2] bishops met. Before the council met, Ursacius of Singidunum and Valens of Mursa proposed a new version of the creed, drafted earlier at a Council of Sirmium in 359, but not presented there. This version held that the Son was like the Father "according to the scriptures." This wording avoided the controversial terms ‘’ousia’‘ (essence), "same substance", and "similar substance."[3] Others favored the Nicene Creed.[4]
Before many of them left the council, the opponents of the Sirmium based creed wrote a letter to emperor Constantius that praised the formula from Nicea and condemned any reconsideration of it. The supporters of Sirmium then proposed the new creed and sent it through Italy.[5]
In the aftermath of the council, Liberius of Rome rejected the new creed, prompting Phaebadius of Agen and Servatus of Tongeren to withdraw their support from the homoian.[1] The supporters of Sirmium formulation deposed Liberius and reappointed Antipope Felix of Rome in his place.[6]
The council was considered a defeat for trinitarianism, and St. Jerome wrote: "The whole world groaned and was astonished to find itself Arian."[7]
Participants
Those favoring the Creed drafted at Sirmium included:[8]
- Ursacius of Singidunum
- Valens of Mursa
- Germinius of Sirmium
- Auxentius of Milan
- Demophilus of Constantinople
- Gaius
Those favoring the Creed of Nicea included:
- Phaebadius of Agen (died c. 392)
- Servatus of Tongeren (died May 13, 384)
- Gaudentius of Ariminum (died October 14, 360)
- Mercurialis of Forl
- Restitutus of Carthage
References
- ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, book 4, chapter 10.
- ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, book 4, chapter 10.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 2, chapter 37.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 2, chapter 37.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 2, chapter 37.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 2, chapter 37.
- ↑ Jerome, Dialogue Against the Luciferians, 19.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 2, chapter 37.
