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A '''heretic''' is a person who while a Christian creates controversy, dissension, and division concerning doctrine and belief within the Orthodox Christian church. Such issues arose early in Christ's Church, being noted in a number of the letters of the Apostles, notably in Titus, Timothy, Peter, and John.  
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Un '''eretic''' este o persoană care, în calitate de creştin, creează controverse, disensiuni doctrinare şi dezbinări cu privire la credinţa Bisericii Ortodoxe. '''Ereticul''' continuă să-și susțină ideile greșite chiar și atunci când este corectat de Biserică. '''Ereticii''' sunt cel mai adesea [[teolog]]i și oameni carismatici capabili să dea explicații având aparența adevărului și să perpetueze greșelile lor în comunitatea creștină. Asemenea probleme au apărut încă de la începutul Bisericii lui Hristos, fiind menţionate într-o serie de scrisori ale [[Apostoli]]lor, în special în epistolele sfântului [[Apostolul Pavel|apostol Pavel]] către Tit și către Timotei, precum și în epistolele [[sfinți]]lor [[Apostolul Petru|Petru]] şi [[Apostolul Ioan|Ioan]].
  
As used in Titus, in the New Testament, the word ''heretic'' comes from the phrase ''hairetikon anthropon'' which is best translated as "one who fosters factions"; that is a person who uses controversy to cause division in the church. Thus, the center of the use of heretic is toward individuals who create factions that espouse an unorthodox idea than to the idea itself, the heresy.  
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După cum este folosit în [[Epistola către Tit]], în [[Noul Testament]], cuvântul „eretic” vine de la expresia ''anthropon hairetikon'', care ar putea fi tradusă cu "unul care favorizează facţiuni", adică este o persoană care utilizează controverse să provoace dezbinare în Biserică. Astfel, centrul de utilizare a eretic este faţă de persoanele care creează facțiuni care să adopte o idee neortodoxă, o [[erezie]].
  
While differences of opinion arise within the church, traditionally these differences are debated and, under God, brought to a common doctrinal and religious understanding by conciliatory means. At times such agreement could not be developed and the parties championing the new ideas, if they continued to press their position, were found to be in [[heresy]] and the individuals were declared heretics. Notable examples of heretics during the early centuries during period of the ''[[Christological Controversies]]'' are [[Paul of Samosata]], [[Arius]] and [[Nestorius]].
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Deși diferenţe de opinie teologică au existat întotdeauna în Biserică, aceste diferențe sunt dezbătute de pleroma Bisericii în duhul [[Tradiție]]i, ajungându-se la o înțelegere doctrinară comună (lat. ''consensus Ecclesiae'') în mod conciliar şi prin receptarea acestei înțelegeri de către conștiința Bisericii. Persoanele care refuză aceste înțelegeri doctrinare ortodoxe și stăruie în erorile lor, devin eretici. Exemple notabile de eretici în primele secole ale Bisericii în timpul perioadei [[Hristologie|controverselor hristologice]] sunt [[Paul de Samosata]], [[Arie]] şi [[Nestorie]].
  
==Scriptural References==
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==Referințe noutestamentare==
 
Among the Apostolic references in the New Testament of incidents of heresy are the following:
 
Among the Apostolic references in the New Testament of incidents of heresy are the following:
  
Titus 3:9-11 (KJV)
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Tit 3, 9-11  
 
<sup>9</sup>But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. <sup>10</sup>A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject, <sup>11</sup>knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, being condemned of himself.
 
<sup>9</sup>But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. <sup>10</sup>A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject, <sup>11</sup>knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, being condemned of himself.
  
2 Peter 2:1-3 (KJV)
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2 Petru 2, 1-3  
 
<sup>1</sup>But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that brought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. <sup>2</sup>And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. <sup>3</sup>And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingerth not, and their damnation slumberth not.  
 
<sup>1</sup>But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that brought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. <sup>2</sup>And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. <sup>3</sup>And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingerth not, and their damnation slumberth not.  
  
1 Timothy 6:3-5 (KJV)
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1 Timotei 6, 3-5  
 
<sup>3</sup>If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness; <sup>4</sup>he is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, <sup>5</sup>perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself.
 
<sup>3</sup>If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness; <sup>4</sup>he is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, <sup>5</sup>perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself.
  
3 John 9-11 (KJV)
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3 Ioan 9-11  
 
<sup>9</sup>I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loveth to have the pre-eminence among them, receiveth us not. <sup>10</sup>Wherefore if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, neither doeth he himself receive the brethren, and forbiddeth them that would, and casteth them out of the church. <sup>11</sup>Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. He that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen God.
 
<sup>9</sup>I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loveth to have the pre-eminence among them, receiveth us not. <sup>10</sup>Wherefore if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, neither doeth he himself receive the brethren, and forbiddeth them that would, and casteth them out of the church. <sup>11</sup>Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. He that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen God.
  
[[Category:Erezii]]
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[[Categorie:Erezii]]
[[Category:Eretici|*]]
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[[Categorie:Eretici|*]]
[[Category:Sinoade]]
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[[Categorie:Sinoade]]
  
 
[[en:Heretic]]
 
[[en:Heretic]]
 
[[fr:Hérétique]]
 
[[fr:Hérétique]]

Versiunea de la data 14 ianuarie 2011 14:10

Un eretic este o persoană care, în calitate de creştin, creează controverse, disensiuni doctrinare şi dezbinări cu privire la credinţa Bisericii Ortodoxe. Ereticul continuă să-și susțină ideile greșite chiar și atunci când este corectat de Biserică. Ereticii sunt cel mai adesea teologi și oameni carismatici capabili să dea explicații având aparența adevărului și să perpetueze greșelile lor în comunitatea creștină. Asemenea probleme au apărut încă de la începutul Bisericii lui Hristos, fiind menţionate într-o serie de scrisori ale Apostolilor, în special în epistolele sfântului apostol Pavel către Tit și către Timotei, precum și în epistolele sfinților Petru şi Ioan.

După cum este folosit în Epistola către Tit, în Noul Testament, cuvântul „eretic” vine de la expresia anthropon hairetikon, care ar putea fi tradusă cu "unul care favorizează facţiuni", adică este o persoană care utilizează controverse să provoace dezbinare în Biserică. Astfel, centrul de utilizare a eretic este faţă de persoanele care creează facțiuni care să adopte o idee neortodoxă, o erezie.

Deși diferenţe de opinie teologică au existat întotdeauna în Biserică, aceste diferențe sunt dezbătute de pleroma Bisericii în duhul Tradiției, ajungându-se la o înțelegere doctrinară comună (lat. consensus Ecclesiae) în mod conciliar şi prin receptarea acestei înțelegeri de către conștiința Bisericii. Persoanele care refuză aceste înțelegeri doctrinare ortodoxe și stăruie în erorile lor, devin eretici. Exemple notabile de eretici în primele secole ale Bisericii în timpul perioadei controverselor hristologice sunt Paul de Samosata, Arie şi Nestorie.

Referințe noutestamentare

Among the Apostolic references in the New Testament of incidents of heresy are the following:

Tit 3, 9-11 9But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. 10A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject, 11knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, being condemned of himself.

2 Petru 2, 1-3 1But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that brought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. 3And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingerth not, and their damnation slumberth not.

1 Timotei 6, 3-5 3If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness; 4he is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, 5perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself.

3 Ioan 9-11 9I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loveth to have the pre-eminence among them, receiveth us not. 10Wherefore if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, neither doeth he himself receive the brethren, and forbiddeth them that would, and casteth them out of the church. 11Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. He that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen God.