Leon al IV-lea
Împăratul Leon al IV-lea, supranumit „Chazarul”, a fost împărat al Imperiului Roman de Răsarit (sau Imperiul Bizantin) între anii 775 și 780. A fost iconoclast ca și tatăl său, Constantin al V-lea. Domnia lui Leon al IV-lea marchează trecerea de la faza culminantă a iconoclasmului, atinsă în timpul lui Constantin al V-lea, la restabilirea cultului icoanelor sub Irina Împărăteasa. Persecuția împotriva icoanelor nu încetează nici acum în întregime, dar ea este mai moderată.
Viața
Leon al IV-lea s-a născut în ianuarie 750 ca fiu al lui Constantin al V-lea cu prima sa soție, o prințesă chazară botezată cu numele de Irina. He was crowned co-emperor by his father in 751. In December 769 he was married in the chapel of St Stephen in the Daphne Palace to Irene of Athens, a member of the Sarandapechys family. Their only son, Constantine, was born on 14 ianuarie 771. The choice of Irene as Leo's bride was to prove surprising, as Irene later displayed a reverence for icons.
Leo succeeded to the throne at the age of twenty-five after the death of his father, Constantine, in August 775. He had his five-year-old son, Constantine VI, crowned as co-emperor on April 14, 776, a Pascha Sunday, after having the army, senate, and people swear that they would accept no other emperor than himself, his son, and their descendants. In spite of this action, conspiracies erupted among Leo's younger brothers. These Leo put down easily, although the conspiring brothers would later reappear in opposition to Irene's regime.
During the early part of his reign, Leo appeared to take a more moderate position than his father on suppression of veneration of icons and monasticism. When Patriarch Nicetas died in 780, Leo appointed as patriarch Paul of Cyprus, who may have had a more moderate iconoclastic position than his predecessors. But soon Leo appeared to renew the persecution of iconodules that his father had initiated in the 760s. When Leo found that his wife Irene had icons in her possession, he rebuked her, then turning her aside, no longer had marital relations with her. Many courtiers, iconophile sympathizers whom Irene may have brought to the palace, were arrested, imprisoned, and tortured, and some may have died. Relations between Leo and Irene before these renewed persecutions appeared to have been fine.
Besides military matters, little is known of Leo's civil activities as emperor. In this area he continued the his father's primarily defensive, yet successful, warfare in Asia Minor against Arab forces.
Leo died on 8 septembrie 780 while on a campaign against the Bulgarians. His death was described, possibly by Irene's supporters, as having been the result of Leo's addiction to precious stones, many of which he wore in the crown of the Great Church, which resulted in his being seized by a violent fever. His reign ended six days short of five years. Leo was buried with other members of the imperial family in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
The ascendancy of his wife Irene brought on the scene a strong personality. After Leo's death, she reversed the iconoclastic heresy that had appeared in the Byzantine imperial court. Irene's fortitude resulted in the convening of the Seventh Ecumenical Council, which formally recognized the veneration of images in the Orthodox Church.
| Leon al IV-lea | ||
|---|---|---|
| Precedat de: Constantin al V-lea |
Împărat Roman (Bizantin) 775-780 |
Urmat de: Constantin al VI-lea |
Surse
- Prof. Univ. Dr. Emilian Popescu - Curs de Bizantinologie
- Leo IV
