Biserica Ortodoxă a Constantinopolului: Diferență între versiuni

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[[Image:Constantinople seal.gif|right|The Church of Constantinople]]
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The '''Church of Constantinople''' is one of the fourteen or fifteen [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] churches, also referred to as the '''Ecumenical [[Patriarchate]]'''. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch, who has the status of ''[[primus inter pares]]'' ("first among equals") among the world's Orthodox [[bishop]]s.  The current Ecumenical Patriarch is His All-Holiness [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]], Archbishop of Constantinople.
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The local churches of the Ecumenical Patriarchate consist of five archdioceses, three churches, thirteen metropolises, and one diocese, each of which reports directly to the Patriarch of Constantinople with no intervening authority.  In addition, three of the five archdioceses have internal metropolises (16 in all), which are part of their respective archdioceses rather than distinct administrative entities, unlike the other metropolises.
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[[Image:Ecumenical Patriarchate.jpg|right|frame|The entrance to the headquarters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Phanar in Constantinople]]
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==Peculiar prerogatives of the patriarchate==
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:''Main article: [[Prerogatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate]]''
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In history and in [[canons (law)|canonical literature]] (i.e. the Church's canons and traditional commentaries on them), the Ecumenical Patriarchate has been granted certain prerogatives (''[[presbeia]]'') which other autocephalous Orthodox churches do not have.  Not all of these prerogatives are today universally acknowledged, though all do have precedents in history and canonical references.  The nature of these prerogatives or even their very existence is hotly contested on [[Prerogatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate#Canonical claims|canonical grounds]] by certain other Orthodox churches, particularly the [[Church of Russia]].
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The following is a (non-exhaustive) list of these prerogatives and their reference points:
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*Equal prerogatives to Old Rome (Canon 3 of the [[Second Ecumenical Council]], Canon 28 of the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]], Canon 36 of the [[Quinisext Council]])
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*The right to hear appeals, if invited, regarding disputes between clergy (Canons 9 and 17 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council)
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*The right to ordain bishops for areas outside defined canonical boundaries (Canon 28 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council)
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*The right to establish [[stavropegial]] [[monastery|monasteries]] even in the territories of other [[patriarchate]]s (the [[Epanagoge]], commentaries of [[Matthew Blastares]] and [[Theodore Balsamon]])
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{{Biserică|
 
{{Biserică|
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name=Patriarhia Ecumenică de Constantinopol|
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name= Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|
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founder= The [[Apostles]]|
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founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]|
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independence= Traditional |
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independence=Traditional |
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recognition= 692 by [[Quinisext Council]] |
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recognition= Traditional |
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primate=[[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Patr. Theophilus]]|
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primate=[[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Patriarch Bartholomew I]]|
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hq=Constantinopol / Istambul, Turcia|
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hq=Istanbul, Turkey|
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territory=Turcia|
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territory=Constantinople, most of Turkey, [[Mount Athos]], Crete, parts of Northern Greece, the Dodecanese|
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possessions=toate parohiile greceşti din afara Greciei, Ciprului, Ierusalimului şi Alexandriei|  
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possessions= United States, Canada, Great Britain, Western Europe, South America, Central America, Australia, Southeast Asia |
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language=Greek, English, Arabic|
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language=Greek, English|
 
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
 
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
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calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|
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calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]], [[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|
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population=130,000|
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population=3,500,000|
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website=[http://www.patriarchate.org/ Ecumenical Patriarcate]
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website=[http://www.ec-patr.org Church of Constantinople]
 
}}
 
}}
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The '''Church of Jerusalem''' is the mother church of all of Christendom, because it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of [[Pentecost]] with the descent of the [[Holy Spirit]] on the disciples of [[Jesus Christ]]. From Jerusalem the gospel of Christ was spread to the world. 
 
  
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As Christianity spread, and the persecutions of the Jews by Roman authorities in their homeland increased, causing the dispersion of many of the Christians from Jerusalem, the import of this church and its impact on the ongoing life of the whole Church diminished. As other churches gained ascendency, namely the Churches of [[Church of Rome|Rome]], [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]], and [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], the Church of Jerusalem was accorded a place of honor with them among the five original Christian [[patriarchate]]s of the Christian world, called the ''[[Pentarchy]]''.
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== Structure of the patriarchate ==
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*[[Archdiocese of Constantinople]]
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**Metropolis of Chalcedon
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**Metropolis of Gokceada and Bozcaada (Imbros and Tenedos)
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**Metropolis of the Prince's Islands
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**Metropolis of Derkos
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*[[Orthodox Archdiocese of Crete|Archdiocese of Crete]]
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**Metropolis of Gortyna and Arkadia
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**Metropolis of Rethymna and Avlopotamos
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**Metropolis of Kydonia and Apokoronos
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**Metropolis of Lampi, Syvritos and Sfakia
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**Metropolis of Ierapytna and Siteia
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**Metropolis of Petra and Herronisos
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**Metropolis of Kisamos and Selinos
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**Metropolis of Arkalohorion, Kastelio and Vianno
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*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Archdiocese of America]]
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**Metropolis of Chicago
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**Metropolis of New Jersey
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**Metropolis of Atlanta
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**Metropolis of Denver
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**Metropolis of Pittsburgh
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**Metropolis of Boston
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**Metropolis of Detroit
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**Metropolis of San Francisco
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*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia|Archdiocese of Australia]]
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*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Great Britain]]
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*Metropolis of Rhodes
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*Metropolis of Kos
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*Metropolis of Karpathos and Kasos
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*Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia
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*[[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]]
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*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]
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*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]
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*[[Orthodox Metropolis of Korea|Metropolis of Korea]]
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*[[Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto (Canada)|Metropolis of Canada]]
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*Metropolis of Buenos Aires
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*Metropolis of Mexico
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*Metropolis of New Zealand
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*[[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia|Metropolitanate of Hong Kong]]
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*[[Greek Orthodox Metropolis of France|Metropolis of France]]
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*Metropolis of Germany
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*Metropolis of Austria
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*Metropolis of Belgium
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*Metropolis of Scandinavia
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*[[Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Switzerland|Metropolis of Switzerland]]
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*Metropolis of Italy
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*Metropolis of Spain
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*[[Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America]]
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*[[Russian Orthodox Exarchate in Western Europe]]
  
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The Church of Jerusalem remains the custodian of many of the holy sites in Jerusalem and environs, sometimes jointly with [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] or [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic]] or [[Church of Armenia|Armenian]] Christians, including the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Jerusalem and the [[Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem)|Church of the Nativity]] in Bethlehem.
 
  
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Lately there has been criticism of the church leadership by Palestinian faithful, who accuse the Greek-speaking and largely Greek-born leadership of squandering their money and treating their Arabic-speaking members as second-class faithful.
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There are also two [[autonomy|autonomous]] churchs whose primates are confirmed by Constantinople, but which are not hierarchically or administratively part of the patriarchate, the [[Church of Finland]], and the [[Church of Estonia]].
  
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Following the recent deposition of Patriarch [[Irenaios I (Skopelitis) of Jerusalem|Irenaios I]] amidst scandals regarding the transfer of land to Jewish control, the Holy Synod of the church named as their [[locum tenens|temporary primate]] His Eminence Metropolitan [[Cornelius (Rodousakis) of Petra]].  On [[August 22]], 2005, the Holy Synod unanimously elected the former Archbishop of Tabor, [[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Theophilus]], as the 141st Patriarch of Jerusalem.
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==See also==
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*[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
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*[[Ecumenical Patriarchate in America]]
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{{churches}}
  
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==Related articles==
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== External links ==
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*[[New Church of St. Mary, the Theotokos (Jerusalem)]]
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* [http://www.ec-patr.gr Official website of the Patriarchate of Constantinople]
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* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=13&IndexView=toc Eastern Christian Churches: Patriarchate of Constantinople] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar
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*[http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8148.asp The Origins and Authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of the Orthodox Church], by Demetrios J. Constantelos
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*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/balsamon-cpl.html Caesaropapism?: Theodore Balsamon on the Powers of the Patriarch of Constantinople], by Paul Halsall
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*[http://www.svots.edu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=165&Itemid=116 Chalcedon Canon 28: Yesterday and Today], by Rev. [[John H. Erickson]]
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*[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/milton1_6.html Constantinople and Rome: A Survey of the Relations between the Byzantine and the Roman Churches], by Milton V. Anastos
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*[http://www.ec-patr.gr/patrdisplay.php?lang=en&id=5 Brief Historical Note Regarding the Ecumenical Patriarchate], from the official website
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* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ecumenical_patriarchate/timeline.swf Timeline]
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* [http://www.patriarchate.org/media/vrtour_patriarchate.php Virtual tour]
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* [http://www.archons.patriarchate.org/patriarchate/ History]
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* [http://realserver.goarch.org/ram/en/lightstillbright.ram History - video]
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* [http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/ea_patriarch.aspx Articles Critical of Actions of Positions of the Ecumenical Patriarchate]
  
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==External links==
 
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*[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Church of Jerusalem] (Main page)
 
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*[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.org/en/home/homefr.htm Official Website of the Church of Jerusalem] (English)
 
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* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=16&IndexView=toc Eastern Christian Churches: The Patriarchate of Jerusalem] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar
 
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*[http://www.geocities.com/rev_alexander2000/ Rum Orthodox Ivri: The Website of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Community within Israeli Society], served by Fr. Alexander Winogradsky, a priest of Jewish ethnicity serving mainly in Hebrew
 
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* [http://www.monastery.org/ Epitropia of the Holy Sepulchre in America]
 
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* [http://www.yvelia.com/greekcommunity/ The Greek Orthodox Community of Jerusalem / Greek Colony, Jerusalem, Israel]
 
  
 
{{Biserici}}
 
{{Biserici}}
  
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[[Category:Jurisdictions|Jerusalem]]
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[[Category:Jurisdicţii|Constantinopol]]
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[[ar:القسطنطينية]]

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The Church of Constantinople

The Church of Constantinople is one of the fourteen or fifteen autocephalous churches, also referred to as the Ecumenical Patriarchate. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch, who has the status of primus inter pares ("first among equals") among the world's Orthodox bishops. The current Ecumenical Patriarch is His All-Holiness Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople.

The local churches of the Ecumenical Patriarchate consist of five archdioceses, three churches, thirteen metropolises, and one diocese, each of which reports directly to the Patriarch of Constantinople with no intervening authority. In addition, three of the five archdioceses have internal metropolises (16 in all), which are part of their respective archdioceses rather than distinct administrative entities, unlike the other metropolises.

The entrance to the headquarters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Phanar in Constantinople

Peculiar prerogatives of the patriarchate

Main article: Prerogatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate

In history and in canonical literature (i.e. the Church's canons and traditional commentaries on them), the Ecumenical Patriarchate has been granted certain prerogatives (presbeia) which other autocephalous Orthodox churches do not have. Not all of these prerogatives are today universally acknowledged, though all do have precedents in history and canonical references. The nature of these prerogatives or even their very existence is hotly contested on canonical grounds by certain other Orthodox churches, particularly the Church of Russia.

The following is a (non-exhaustive) list of these prerogatives and their reference points:

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Întemeietor(i) Apostle Andrew
Autocefalie/Autonomie declarată Traditional
Autocefalie/Autonomie recunoscută Traditional
Primatul actual Patriarch Bartholomew I
Sediu Istanbul, Turkey
Teritoriu principal Constantinople, most of Turkey, Mount Athos, Crete, parts of Northern Greece, the Dodecanese
Posesiuni în afară United States, Canada, Great Britain, Western Europe, South America, Central America, Australia, Southeast Asia
Limbă liturgică Greek, English
Tradiție muzicală Byzantine Chant
Calendar Revised Julian, Julian
Populație estimată 3,500,000
Site oficial Church of Constantinople

Structure of the patriarchate


There are also two autonomous churchs whose primates are confirmed by Constantinople, but which are not hierarchically or administratively part of the patriarchate, the Church of Finland, and the Church of Estonia.

See also

Format:Churches

External links



Biserici Ortodoxe autocefale și autonome
Biserici autocefale
Cele patru Patriarhate vechi: Constantinopol | Alexandria | Antiohia | Ierusalim
Rusia | Serbia | România | Bulgaria | Georgia | Cipru | Grecia | Polonia | Albania | Cehia și Slovacia | OCA*
Biserici autonome
Sinai | Finlanda | Estonia* | Japonia* | China* | Ucraina*
Bisericile autocefale sau autonome desemnate cu un * nu sunt universal recunoscute în cadrul comuniunii ortodoxe.
Adus de la „https://ro.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Biserica_Ortodoxă_a_Constantinopolului&oldid=4773”