Mirungerea se face prin ungerea noului creştin cu [[Sfântul Mir]] (după grecescul ''myron'') care este ulei [[sfinţire|sfinţit]] în condiţii speciale. Sfântul Mir este un "amestec de 40 de substanţe aromate şi ulei pur de măsline" (Gialopsos, 35). Pregătirea şi sfinţirea lui se face de către episcopii delegaţi de [[Sfântul Sinod]] al unei Biserici locale. Creştinul este uns cu acest ulei în semnul Sfintei Cruci pe frunte, ochi, nări, gură, urechi, piept, spate, mâini şi picioare. De fiecare dată când unge cu sfântul mir, [[preot]]ul spune "Pecetea Darului Duhului Sfânt".
Sfânta Taină a Mirungerii este o extensie a [[Pogorârea Duhului Sfânt|Cincizecimii]], zi în care [[Duhul Sfânt]] s-a pogorât asupra [[Apostoli]]lor. Prin Mirungere o persoană devine membru al poporului lui Dumnezeu: "mirean" (de la sl. [[mirĕaninu]]) sau "laic" (de la gr. ''laos'' - "poporul lui Dumnezeu"). Episcopul [[Kallistos (Ware) de Diokleia]] explică:
:Prin mirungere fiecare membru al Bisericii devine [[profet]], şi primeşte o parte din [[preoţia împărătească]] a lui Hristos; toţi creştinii deopotrivă, prin mirungere, sunt chemaţi să acţioneze ca martori conştienţi ai Adevărului. 'Iar voi, ungere aveţi de la Cel Sfânt şi ştiţi toate’ (I Ioan 2:20) (Ware, 279).
The Sacrament of chrismation is an extension of the Day of [[Pentecost]], on which the Holy Spirit was poured out on the Apostles. It is by Chrismation that a person becomes a layperson – a member of the laos, the people of God. Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] explains:
:Through Chrismation every member of the Church becomes a prophet, and receives a share in the royal priesthood of Christ; all Christians alike, because they are chrismated, are called to act as conscious witnesses to the Truth. 'You have an anointing (''chrisma'') from the Holy One, and know all things' ([[I John]] 2:20) (Ware, 279).
Although normally administered in conjunction with Baptism, in some cases chrismation alone may be used to receive [[convert]]s to Orthodoxy through the exercise of ''[[economia]]''. Although practice in this regard varies, in general (especially in North America) if a convert comes to Orthodoxy from another Christian confession and has previously undergone a rite of baptism by immersion in the Trinitarian Formula ("in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"), he or she may be received into the Orthodox Church through the sacrament of chrismation, after which receiving the Holy Eucharist. If, however, a convert comes from a Christian confession that baptizes in the Name of "Jesus only" (such as some Pentecostal churches) or from one that does not practice baptism at all (such as Quakers and the Salvation Army), baptism is a prerequisite for chrismation. The use of ''economia'' is at the discretion of, and subject to the guidelines imposed by, the local [[bishop]].