6.119 modificări
Modificări
→List of Ecumenical Councils
Others, including 20th century theologians Fr. [[John S. Romanides]] and Fr. [[George Metallinos]] (both of whom refer repeatedly to the "Eighth and Ninth Ecumenical Councils"), Fr. [[George Dragas]], Metropolitan [[Hierotheos (Vlachos) of Nafpaktos]], and the 1848 [[Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs]] (which refers explicitly to the "Eighth Ecumenical Council" and was signed by the [[patriarch]]s of [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], and [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]] as well as the [[Holy Synod]]s of the first three), regard other synods beyond the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] as being ecumenical. Those who regard these councils as ecumenical often characterize the limitation of Ecumenical Councils to only seven to be the result of Jesuit influence in Russia, part of the so-called "[[Western Captivity of Orthodoxy]]."
== List of Ecumenical Councils Lista Sinoadelor Ecumenice ==* I. [[First Ecumenical CouncilSinodul I Ecumenic|First Council of NiceaPrimul Sinod de la Niceea]], (325); repudiated [[Arianism]], adopted the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|Nicene Creed]].* II. [[Second Ecumenical CouncilSinodul II Ecumenic|First Council of ConstantinoplePrimul Sinod de la Constantinopol]], (381); revised the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|Nicene Creed]] into the present form used in the [[Orthodox Church|Eastern]] and [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches.* III. [[Third Ecumenical CouncilSinodul III Ecumenic|Council of EphesusSinodul de la Efes]], (431); repudiated [[Nestorianism]], proclaimed the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God (Greek, [[Theotokos|Θεοτόκος]]).* IV. [[Fourth Ecumenical CouncilSinodul IV Ecumenic|Council of ChalcedonSinodul de la Calcedon]], (451); repudiated the [[Eutychianism|Eutychian]] doctrine of [[Monophysitism]], described and delineated the two natures of Christ, human and divine; adopted the [[Chalcedonian Creed]]. This and all following councils are not recognized by [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental Orthodox Communion]].* V. [[Fifth Ecumenical CouncilSinodul V Ecumenic|Second Council of ConstantinopleAl doilea Sinod de la Constantinopol]], (553); reaffirmed decisions and doctrines explicated by previous Councils, condemned new [[Arianism|Arian]], [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]], and [[Monophysitism|Monophysite]] writings.* VI. [[Sixth Ecumenical CouncilSinodul VI Ecumenic|Third Council of ConstantinopleAl treilea Sinod de la Constantinopol]], (680-681); repudiated [[Monothelitism]], affirmed that Christ had both human and Divine wills.**[[Sinodul Quinisext Council|Sinodul Quinisext/Penthekte Council(al cinci-șaselea)]] (= Fifth and Sixth) or Council in Trullo, (692); mostly an administrative council that raised some local [[canon]]s to ecumenical status and established principles of clerical discipline. It is not considered to be a full-fledged council in its own right because it did not determine matters of doctrine. This council is accepted by the [[Orthodox Church]] as a part of the [[Sixth Ecumenical Council]], but that is rejected by [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]].* VII. [[Seventh Ecumenical CouncilSinodul VII Ecumenic|Second Council of NicaeaAl doilea Sinod de la Niceea]], (787); restoration of the veneration of [[icons]] and end of the first [[iconoclasm]].
