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Crezul

8.482 de octeți adăugați, 23 iulie 2007 19:34
fuzionare cu articolul de la OrthodoxWiki.org
Crezul '''niceo-constantinopolitan''' (sau '''Crezul de la Niceea''', '''Simbolul credinței''' sau pur și simplu '''Crezul''') este acea formulare a credinței stabilită la [[Sinodul I Ecumenic|Primul Sinod Ecumenic]] și la [[Sinodul II Ecumenic|Al doilea Sinod Ecumenic]]. Acesta a fost definit de [[Sfinții Părinţi]] de la aceste două Sinoade Ecumenice (care au avut loc respectiv la Niceea și Constantinopol) pentru a combate diferitele [[erezie|erezii]], în special [[arianism]]ul, [[apollinarism]]ul, [[macedonianism]]ul (erezie pnevmatomahă) și [[hiliasm]]ul.
 
Unii autori afirmă că acest Crez, promulgat la [[Sinodul I Ecumenic|Sinodul de la Niceea]] se baza pe un crez [[Botez|baptismal]] folosit în Palestina, în timp ce alții consideră că originea sa cea mai probabilă se găsește în ''[[Crezul sirian]]'' emis în Antiohia la începutul anului 325 d.Hr.
 
Crezul, așa cum este el acum, s-a format în două etape, iar cel utilizat în zilele noastre de [[Biserica Ortodoxă]] cuprinde revizuirile și adăugirile de la [[Sinodul II Ecumenic|Sinodul I de la Constantinopol]]. Câteva secole mai târziu, [[Biserica Romano-Catolică]] a încercat să facă o revizuire unilaterală a Crezului, prin adaosul [[Filioque]] cu privire la purcederea [[Duhul Sfânt|Duhului Sfânt]], aceasta fiind una din cauzele [[Marea Schismă|Marii Schisme]] dintre Roma și restul Bisericii.
 
Conform unei tradiții din [[Biserica Alexandriei (Coptă)|Biserica coptă]], autorul Crezului de la Niceea a fost Sf. [[Atanasie al Alexandriei]], a cărui teologie a fost esențială la Sinodul de la Niceea, deși Sfântul era doar diacon la vremea aceea.
 
== Crezul de la Niceea (325 d. Hr.)==
{{Traducere_EN}}
 
''We believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of all things, visible and invisible;''
 
''And in one [[Lord]] Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten from the Father, only-begotten, that is, from the essence of the Father, God from God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten not made, of one essence with the Father, through Whom all things came into being, things in heaven and things on earth, Who because of us men and because of our salvation came down and became incarnate, becoming man, suffered and rose again on the third day, ascended to the heavens, and will come again to judge the living and the dead;''
 
''And in the Holy Spirit.''
 
==Crezul Niceo-Constantinopolitan (381 d.Hr.)==
 
{{Liturghia}}
 
Cred într-Unul Dumnezeu, Tatăl Atoţiitorul,<br>
Făcătorul cerului şi al pământului, văzutelor tuturor şi nevăzutelor.<br>
Aştept învierea morţilor şi viaţa veacului ce va să fie.<br>
Amin !
 
'''În limba greacă:'''
 
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Notă: Crezul niceo-constantinopolitan este recitat, în timpul slujbelor ortodoxe, la persoana I singular ("Cred..."/"{{lang|el|Πιστεύω}}"), mai degrabă decât la persoana I plural, care a fost forma folosită la [[Sinoadele Ecumenice]].
 
[[Categorie:Teologie]]
[[Categorie:Sfânta Liturghie]]
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