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'''Nichifor Grigoras''' (grec. Νικηφόρος Γρηγορᾶς - ''Nikeforos Grigoras'') a fost un învăţat care a trăit în secolul al XIV-lea în [[Imperiul Roman de Răsărit]]. A rămas celebru ca istoric, [[teolog]], astronom şi polemist pe teme religioase din acea perioadă.
==Viaţa==
Nichifor Gregoras s-a născut la Heraclea, provincia Pont, în jurul anului 1295. El s-a stabilit la [[Constantinopol]] încă din tinereţe şi a devenit reputat pentru ştiinţa sa. În curând a aflat despre el împăratul Andronic al II-lea Paleologul, care l-a numit ''chartophylax'' (arhivar) imperial.
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In 1326, Gregoras proposed (in a still extant treatise) reforms in the calendar that some two hundred years later were introduced by Pope Gregory XIII on almost the same lines. However, emperor Andronicus II refused to initiate any changes for fear of disturbances. Also in 1326, Gregoras was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions, including a legation to the Serbian king [[Stefan Uros III of Serbia|Stephan Uroš III]].
Gregoras later took an important part in the [[Hesychasm|Hesychast]] controversy, in which he violently opposed [[Gregory Palamas]], the chief supporter of the doctrine. After Palamas' position was recognized at the [[synod]] of 1351, Gregoras, who refused to agree, was practically imprisoned in a [[monastery]] until 1355. Nothing is known of his repose.
==WritingsScrieri==
His most famous work, the ''Byzantine History'', also known as ''Roman History'', presented in 37 books covering the years 1204 to 1359, chronicles the events of the Eastern Empire from the time of the Latin conquest in the [[Fourth Crusade|fourth crusade]] of 1204 to 1359. It supplements the work of the earlier fourteenth-century historian George Pachymeres, in which Gregoras enlarged on the philosophical and theological disputes in which he had engaged. His ''Correspondence'', that contains more than 160 letters, is a rich source for knowledge of the many outstanding Eastern Roman ecclesiastical and political figures of the period. Other notable works by Gregoras include philosophical dialogues against the Sophists, studies in astronomy, a commentary on the ''Almagest'' of the second century astronomer Ptolemy, eulogies for several emperors, and the proposal for calendar reform that anticipated the calendar revision of 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
==SourcesSurse==
*[[Wikipedia:Nicephorus_Gregoras]]
*[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245466/Nicephorus-Gregoras Britannica: Nicephorus Gregoras]
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/nicephorus-gregoras Answers: Nicephorus Gregoras]
==External linksLegături externe==
*[http://www.aob.bg.ac.rs/paob/80/pdf/269-274.pdf The Greatest Byzantine Astronomer Nicephoros Gregoras and Serbs]
*[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_1295-1360-_Nicephorus_Gregoras.html Greek Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes]