Modificări

Aceeaşi filieră etimologică exploatează în zilele noastre [[teolog]]ul grec [[Christos Yannaras]] atunci când spune : "Erezia înseamnă a te opri numai la o parte din întreg şi a o absolutiza, a o lua drept întregul în ansamblul lui. Cred că cea mai bună definiţie a ereziei este aceasta: absolutizarea relativului şi relativizarea absolutului." <ref>Christos Yannaras, ''Ortodoxie şi Occident'', Ed. Bizantină, Bucureşti, 1995, p. 73-74.</ref>.

Urgent concerns with the uniformity of belief and practice have characterized Christianity from the outset. The process of establishing orthodox Christianity was in full swing by middle to late first century when Paul wrote the epistles that comprise a large part of the New Testament. On many occasions in Paul's epistles, he defends his own apostleship, and urges Christians in various places to beware of false teachers, or of anything contrary to what was handed to them by him. The epistles of John and Jude also warn of false teachers, as does the writer of the ''Book of Revelation''.

Over the years, numerous Christian scholars and preachers have disagreed with the Church on various issues or doctrines. When the Church has become aware of these beliefs, they have been condemned as heretical. Historically, this often happened when the belief challenged, or was seen to challenge, Church authority, or drew a movement of followers who challenged the established order socially. For entirely secular reasons, some influential people have had an interest in maintaining the status quo or condemning a group they wished to be removed. The Church's internal explanations for its actions were based purely on objection to beliefs and philosophies that ran contrary to its interpretation of the [[Holy Scripture]]s and its official interpretation of Holy Tradition.

*[[Arianism]]

*[[Donatism]]

*[[Gnosticism]]

*[[Marcionism]]

*[[Montanism]]

*[[Nestorianism]]

*[[Socianism]]