Apostolul Tadeu
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Saint Addai was the evangelizer of Edessa and is believed to be one of the Seventy Apostles of Christ, known to Eusebius of Caesarea as the Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy. He is commemorated on August 21 and on January 4 with the Seventy.
Saint Addai
Saint Addai is purported by Eusebius to have visited King Abgar of Edessa, healing him and preaching to him. The Syriac account of this story is titled the Teaching of Addai, and there are questions about its historicity. The story possibly dates instead from the 3rd century and may have been used in polemics against the Manichaean "apostle" also named Addai.
The Syriac liturgy referred to as the Liturgy of Addai and Mari, which originated around the year 200 A.D. and is used by the Assyrian Church of the East, claims a connection to this saint.
Apostle Thaddeus
The Holy Thaddeus was by descent a Hebrew, and he was born in the Syrian city of Edessa. He was baptized by John the Forerunner in the Jordan. St Thaddeus was chosen by the Lord to be one of the Seventy Disciples, whom He sent by twos to preach in the cities and places where He intended to visit (Luke 10: 1).
He backed up his preaching with many miracles (about which Abgar wrote to the Assyrian emperor Nerses). He established priests Edessa and built up the Church there. Abgar wanted to reward St Thaddeus with rich gifts, but he refused and went preaching to other cities, converting many pagans to the Christian Faith. He went to the city of Beirut to preach, and he founded a church there. It was in this city that he peacefully died in the year 44.
Imnografie
- Apostole Sfinte Tadeu, roagă pe milostivul Dumnezeu ca să dăruiască iertare de greşeli sufletelor noastre.
Condac (glasul al 4-lea):
- Ca pe o stea luminoasă, Biserica totdeauna te-a agonisit pe tine, Apostole Tadeu, cu minunile tale cele de multă dăruire luminându-se. Pentru aceea strigăm lui Hristos : Mântuieşte pe cei ce cu credinţă cinstesc pomenirea Apostolului Tău, ca un milostiv.
Iconografie
- Dionisie din Furna, în Erminia sa (ed. Sophia, București, 2000, p. 149), arată că Sf. Apostol Tadeu trebuie zugrăvit în chipul unui bărbat nu prea bătrân, cărunt, cu barba lată, ținând în mână un sul înfășurat, însemnul propovăduirii sale apostolice.