Vizualizare sursă pentru „Biserica Romano-Catolică”

{{Traducere EN}}

: ''This article is regarding the post-[[Great Schism|Schism]] Roman Catholic Church.  For the pre-Schism Orthodox Church of Rome, see [[Church of Rome]].''

The term '''''Roman Catholic Church''''' refers to those churches (including the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] and other non-Latin rite churches) in communion with the [[Bishop]] of Rome, the [[Pope]]. It also can refer specifically to the bishops under the pope's direct [[jurisdiction]], i.e., the Latin rite. Historically, the [[Church of Rome]] was one of the [[Pentarchy]] and enjoyed communion with the [[Orthodox Church]]. In 1054 a [[Great Schism|schism]] between Rome and the other patriarchal sees resulted from widening differences between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. The cause of the schism was initially a dispute over papal authority and the soundness of theology surrounding the term ''[[filioque]]'', a word which was added by the Western churches to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|Creed]] without the consent of the Orthodox bishops.  Nevertheless, the effects of the schism were not immediately felt everywhere, and it was only over time that the current complete lack of communion between the Orthodox and Roman Catholics became widespread.  The process of mutual distrust was furthered by the unfortunate sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204.

Today, the main differences between the [[Orthodox Church]] and the Roman Catholic Church continue to be the inclusion of ''filioque'' in the Creed (and its concomitant theology of double-procession&#8212;that the Spirit proceeds from the Father ''and the Son'') and the scope of papal authority. However, most Orthodox also believe that there is a distinct difference in spirit and attitude, which is expressed in the manner of doing theology as well as concrete differences in pastoral care.  Additionally, the Roman Catholic Church has made pronouncements of [[dogma]] since the Great Schism (such as [[Purgatory]], the [[Immaculate Conception]], and papal infallibility), and other matters of doctrine (such as original sin), which are regarded as false.  These pronouncements, and the theological understanding behind them, present another obstacle to the unity of Catholic and Orthodox.

{{stub}}

<!--- The focus of this article will be on the history and present teaching of the Roman Catholic Church vis a vis the Orthodox Church, rather than a comprehensive article on Roman Catholicism in general.

Let's aim for intelligent discussion rather than simple potshots. Polemics are ok as long as they are basically descriptive and take into account the subtleties of controverted issues.

[[Eastern Catholic Churches]] will have their own articles, including a general one.  They should all link back to this article.

==History==

==Polemics== --->

==See also==
* [[Maronite Catholic Church]]
* [[Melkite Greek Church]]

==Sources==
* [http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/ccc_toc.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church] - This is the new standard in Roman Catholic teaching, published with the intent to be the basis for local catechisms around the world.

==External links==
* Official website of the [http://www.vatican.va Vatican]
* [http://www.zenit.org Zenit - The World Seen from Rome] - An excellent source of news and reflection for worlds events from a Roman Catholic perspective.
* [http://thecatholicwiki.com The Catholic Wiki Project] - The equivalent project for the Roman Catholic Community
*[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo13/l13praec.htm PRAECLARA GRATULATIONIS PUBLICAE] THE REUNION OF CHRISTENDOM Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII June 20, 1894
===Orthodox Christians on Roman Catholicism===
*[http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles6/HopkoPope.php Roman Presidency and Christian Unity in our Time] by Fr. [[Thomas Hopko]]
*[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/milton1_index.html A Survey of the Relations between the Byzantine and the Roman Churches.] – (Milton V. Anastos ) Myriobiblos Library, [[Church of Greece]]
*[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/roman_church.htm The Schism of the Roman Church] – (Jοhn Ν. Karmiris) Myriobiblos Library, Church of Greece
*[http://www.oca.org/Docs.asp?ID=186&SID=12 Primacy theme of Catholic-Orthodox dialogue] - V Rev. [[Leonid Kishkovsky]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]
[[ar:كنيسة الروم الكاثوليكي]]