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Pagină nouă: '''Teofan Grecul''', (ru. Феофан Грек, gr. Θεοφάνης) a fost unul din cei mai importanți iconografi ai Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse. A trăit în secolul al XIV-lea ș...
'''Teofan Grecul''', (ru. Феофан Грек, gr. Θεοφάνης) a fost unul din cei mai importanți iconografi ai Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse. A trăit în secolul al XIV-lea și a fost profesorul lui [[Andrei Rubliov]]. He was described in his day by [[Epiphanius the Wise]] as a renowned wise man, expert philosopher, famous book artist, and among all the iconographers as the best artist.
==Viața==
Teofan era grec de origine, de unde și supranumele de „Grecul”. He may have been born in Constantinople about the year 1340, although a Crete birth place has also been noted. Little is known of his early life, although he probably learned and developed his art in Constantinople and may have worked there and in the Crimea. However, none of these paintings has survived.
Theophan moved to [[Novgorod]] in Russia in 1370 and, then, on to Moscow in 1385. Theophan is among the few fourteenth century artists in Russia about whom there is reliable documentary evidence. Chronicle sources note his painting the Church of the Transfiguration (Spaso-Preobrazheniye) on Elijah Street in Novgorod in 1378 and, in the Moscow Kremlin, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin (Rozhdestvo Bogoroditsy) in 1395, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (Arkhangel'sky) in 1399 and, with [[Andrei Rublev]] and Prokhor of Gorodets, the [[Cathedral of the Annunciation (Moscow Kremlin)|Cathedral of the Annunciation]] (Blagoveshchensky) in 1405.
His frescos survive now only in the Church of Our Savior of the Transfiguration-in-Elijah Street in Novgorod. He has been noted for his style of painting from inspiration and not copying from prototypes. His style is considered unsurpassed in expression achieved by almost mono-colored painting. His paintings have great intensity that captures the spiritual essence of each figure. Among the best preserved images in the church are the magnificent image of the [[Pantocrator]] in the dome, the frescos of the Forefathers Noah, Melzhizedek, and Seth and the panel icon of the [[Old Testament]] [[Holy Trinity|Trinity]].
[[Image:Theofan Trinity621px.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Theophan’s fresco of the Holy Trinity in the Church of the Transfiguration in Novgorod]]
Theophan worked swiftly and did not use pattern books. He did not mind spectators. His figures tended to be very tall and severe, with dark faces and long, thin arms. The mystical elements in his paintings are believed to reflect the influence of [[Hesychasm]]. Some of his contemporaries noted that he appeared to be "painting with a broom", in reference to the bold, broad execution in some of his finest frescos, which are unique in the larger late Greek tradition. At the request of Epiphanius the Wise, Theophan produced a miniature for a Gospels manuscript showing a view of [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]] in Constantinople and the statue of [[Justinian]] I to the south of the [[cathedral]].
Theophon is noted also to have painted panel [[icon]]s, but in recent academic debate his authorship of many of these icons have been questioned.
The date of his repose is uncertain, but it is believed to be about the year 1408 to 1410.
==Surse==
*[[w:Theophanes_the_Greek]]
*[http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9780631232032_chunk_g978063123203224_ss1-18 Backwell: Theophan the Greek]
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/theophanes-the-greek Theophanes the Greek]
*[http://www.historyofpainters.com/theophanes.htm Theophanes The Greek]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/I/icons/greekbio.html Theophanes The Greek]
*[http://www.all-art.org/russian_icons/07.html Theophanes The Greek]
*V. Bulkin, trans. Y. Pamfilov, ''Novgorod'', Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad, 1984
==Legături externe==
*[http://copy-www.novsu.ac.ru/novgorod/test/tcon/page_13.html Novgorod]
[[Categorie: Iconografi]]
[[en:Theophan the Greek]]
==Viața==
Teofan era grec de origine, de unde și supranumele de „Grecul”. He may have been born in Constantinople about the year 1340, although a Crete birth place has also been noted. Little is known of his early life, although he probably learned and developed his art in Constantinople and may have worked there and in the Crimea. However, none of these paintings has survived.
Theophan moved to [[Novgorod]] in Russia in 1370 and, then, on to Moscow in 1385. Theophan is among the few fourteenth century artists in Russia about whom there is reliable documentary evidence. Chronicle sources note his painting the Church of the Transfiguration (Spaso-Preobrazheniye) on Elijah Street in Novgorod in 1378 and, in the Moscow Kremlin, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin (Rozhdestvo Bogoroditsy) in 1395, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (Arkhangel'sky) in 1399 and, with [[Andrei Rublev]] and Prokhor of Gorodets, the [[Cathedral of the Annunciation (Moscow Kremlin)|Cathedral of the Annunciation]] (Blagoveshchensky) in 1405.
His frescos survive now only in the Church of Our Savior of the Transfiguration-in-Elijah Street in Novgorod. He has been noted for his style of painting from inspiration and not copying from prototypes. His style is considered unsurpassed in expression achieved by almost mono-colored painting. His paintings have great intensity that captures the spiritual essence of each figure. Among the best preserved images in the church are the magnificent image of the [[Pantocrator]] in the dome, the frescos of the Forefathers Noah, Melzhizedek, and Seth and the panel icon of the [[Old Testament]] [[Holy Trinity|Trinity]].
[[Image:Theofan Trinity621px.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Theophan’s fresco of the Holy Trinity in the Church of the Transfiguration in Novgorod]]
Theophan worked swiftly and did not use pattern books. He did not mind spectators. His figures tended to be very tall and severe, with dark faces and long, thin arms. The mystical elements in his paintings are believed to reflect the influence of [[Hesychasm]]. Some of his contemporaries noted that he appeared to be "painting with a broom", in reference to the bold, broad execution in some of his finest frescos, which are unique in the larger late Greek tradition. At the request of Epiphanius the Wise, Theophan produced a miniature for a Gospels manuscript showing a view of [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]] in Constantinople and the statue of [[Justinian]] I to the south of the [[cathedral]].
Theophon is noted also to have painted panel [[icon]]s, but in recent academic debate his authorship of many of these icons have been questioned.
The date of his repose is uncertain, but it is believed to be about the year 1408 to 1410.
==Surse==
*[[w:Theophanes_the_Greek]]
*[http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9780631232032_chunk_g978063123203224_ss1-18 Backwell: Theophan the Greek]
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/theophanes-the-greek Theophanes the Greek]
*[http://www.historyofpainters.com/theophanes.htm Theophanes The Greek]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/I/icons/greekbio.html Theophanes The Greek]
*[http://www.all-art.org/russian_icons/07.html Theophanes The Greek]
*V. Bulkin, trans. Y. Pamfilov, ''Novgorod'', Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad, 1984
==Legături externe==
*[http://copy-www.novsu.ac.ru/novgorod/test/tcon/page_13.html Novgorod]
[[Categorie: Iconografi]]
[[en:Theophan the Greek]]