Ortodoxia în Australia (cronologie)

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Ortodoxia în
Australasia
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Istoric
Ortodoxia în Australia (cronologie)
Ortodoxia în Noua Zeelandă (cronologie)
Ortodoxia Antiohiană
Arhiepiscopia Ortodoxă Greacă a ANZ
Jurisdicţii
Antiohiană – Mitropolitul Arhiepiscop Pavel
GOA Aus - Arhiepiscopul Stylianos
GOM NZ - Mitropolitul Amfilochios
ROCOR - Mitropolitul Hilarion
Română - Episcopul Mihail
Sârbă - Episcopul Irinej

Jurisdicţii australiene fără episcop local

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Ierarhii răsăriteni SCCOCA
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Aceasta este o cronologie referitoare la prezenţa Ortodoxiei în Australia.

Biserici parohiale

  • 1810 Primii rezidenţi permanenţi ortodocşi (ruşi) cunoscuţi sosesc în Australia.
  • 1820 Aprilie: Prima slujbă ortodoxă în Australia se ţine la Kirribilli Point (Sydney) de către Părintele Dionisie, un capelan ortodox rus de pe nava Vostok.
  • anii 1850: Masacrarea de către turcii otomani a creştinilor ortodocşi din Grecia, Liban, Muntele Liban, Siria şi alte zone din Orientul Mijlociu provoacă o mare emigrarea a ortodocşilor din aceste regiuni.
  • 1868: Părintele Christoforos Arsenios se stabileşte în Clermont din Central Queensland.
  • Anii 1880: Numeroşi ortodocşi vorbitori de greacă şi arabă sosesc în Australia. Ulterior, sosesc şi ruşi.
  • Anii 1890: ruşii, sirienii şi grecii îşi înfiinţează grupuri de rugăciune în comun unde sunt bineveniţi toţi cei doritori. Sunt organizate biserici parohiale.
  • 1896: Arhimandritul Dorotheos (Bakaliaros) este primul preot rezident cu această funcţie. Ţine slujbe în Melbourne şi Sydney.
  • 1897: Sunt înfiinţate parohii ortodoxe comune greceşti, ruseşti şi siriene în Sydney (New South Wales) şi Melbourne (Victoria).
  • 1898, 29 mai: Se pune piatra de temelie a primei biserici ortodoxe din Australia, în Sydney (cu sprijinul credicnioşilor greci, ruşi şi sirieni), cu hramul Sfintei Treimi.
Patriarhul Antiohiei, vorbitor de greacă, este demis. Tentative puternice de influenţare între Antiohia şi Constantinopol. Relaţiile devin tensionate.
Patriarhul Ierusalimului este considerat neutru în această dispută şi i se cere de către parohiile australiene să trimită preoţi pentru Australia şi Noua Zeelandă.
Biserica Ortodoxă a Ierusalimului îi numeşte pe Părintele Serafim Foca în Sydney şi pe Părintele Anastasie Kantopoulos în Melbourne.
  • 1899: Refuzul Patriarhului de Constantinopol de a-l recunoaşte pe nou alesul vorbitor de arabă Patriarh al Antiohiei şi Întregului Răsărit provoacă separarea ortodocşilor din lumea întreagă în vorbitori de greacă şi vorbitori de arabă, inclusiv în Australia. Inclusiv credincioşii ruşu au de suferit din cauaza cestei despărţiri.
  • 1900: Se aşează piatra de temelie în Melbourne pentru prima biserică ortodoxă exclusiv de limba greacă, cu hramul Buna Vestire.
  • 1902: Biserica Ortodoxă a Greciei preia în grijă parohiile greceşti din Australia de la Biserica Ierusalimului.
  • 1903: Părintele Nikandros Bettines soseşte în Melbourne, fiind trimis de Arhiepiscopul Atenei.
  • 1908: Patriarhul din Constantinopol arbitrează şi acordă jurisdicţia parohiilor greceşti din Australia Bisericii Greciei.
  • 1913: Fr Nicholas Shehadie appointed Patriarchal Exarch for Australia and New Zealand by His Beatitude Gregorious Haddad Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East.
  • 1913: First Exarch of Australia and New Zealand, Fr Nicholas Shehadie arrives in Sydney and serves as parish priest of Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church Surry Hills.
  • 1917: Bolshevik revolution in Russia sees large numbers of Russians and allied peoples displaced and fleeing genocidal massacres there and in satelite countries over the next 10 years. Many flee to western Europe, and then North America, and South America. Others flee to Asian Russia and then to China, Japan, South East Asia, Philippines, and Australasia.
  • 1919: Exarchate of Australia and New Zealand is confirmed as permanent by Patriarch of Antioch.
  • 1920 May 23: Foundation stone laid at Walker and Redfern Sts Redfern, Sydney, by the Vicar-General of the Diocese of Sydney, for the first exclusively Syrian Orthodox church in Australia. Right Reverend Father Nicola Shehade becomes pastor of Redfern, and continues as Exarch of Australia and New Zealand.
  • 1920s: Genocidal massacres in modern Turkey following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire see millions of people displaced. Large numbers of Orthodox flee to the new world including North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand and Oceania.

Local Bishops

  • 1924 Mar 7: Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Australia and New Zealand established by Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Jul 8: Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Christoforos (Knitis) of Australia and New Zealand arrives.
  • 1925: First Russian church acquired in Brisbane. Was dedicated to St Nicholas.
  • 1929: Metropolitan Christoforos (Knitis) deposed, exiled to Samos.
  • 1930s: First Russian Orthodox priest in Sydney, Father Methodious, resides with Antiochian Orthodox family of Anis and Aman Birbara. Until the purchase of a house in Moore Park, and its conversion into a church, Archimandrite Methodious held all his Sydney services at the Antiochian Orthodox church of St George Redfern.
  • 1931 Sep 18: Timotheos (Evangelinidis) elected Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand by Ecumenical Patriarchate.
  • 1932 Jul 26: Metropolitan Timotheos (Evangelinidis) arrives in Australia.
  • 1934 May 15: Exarch Nicholas Shehadie (Antiochian) passes away from asthma. Funeral at St George Redfern is presided over by Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Timotheos.
  • 1935: Father Nicholas' son Michael is ordained deacon, then priest, on behalf of the Patriarch of Antioch, by Metropolitan Timotheos.
  • 1936: First Orthodox church established in Western Australia, under Greek Orthodox Archdiocese, dedicated to Sts Constantine and Helen.
  • 1947 Apr 22: Archimandrite Theophylactos (Papathanasopoulos) elected Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand by Ecumenical Patriarchate.
  • 1948 Nov: First Russian Orthodox Bishop Theodore (Rafalsky) arrives in Australia. He studied theology in Russia before World War I with Sydney's Antiochian Orthodox priest Fr Michael Shehadie.
First Ukrainian Orthodox services held in Canberra by Fr A. Theodorovych.
  • 1949: First Serbian Orthodox services held by Fr Sv. Sekulic.
  • 1950: First Bulgarian Orthodox parish in Melbourne.
  • 1952: First Estonian Orthodox parish established by Fr D. Juurma.
  • 1955/56: Bishop Sava becomes Bishop of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR).
  • 1958 Aug 2: Metropolitan Theophylactos (Papathanasopoulos) killed in car accident in Melbourne.
  • 1959 Apr 27: Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Ezekiel (Tsoukalas) of Australia and New Zealand arrives in Australia.
Sep 1: The Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Australia and New Zealand becomes the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand, and Metropolitan Ezekiel becomes Archbishop.
  • 1961: St Andrew's Brotherhood set up by Archbishop Ezekiel for the improvement of Greek Orthodox Archdiocesan services.
Jan: First Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
Jun 19: Land purchased for Greek Orthodox St George Monastery, Springwood.
  • 1964-1969 Father Nicolas Mansour is Patriarchal Vicar-General of the Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand
  • 1965: Second Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
  • 1967: Father Nicolas Mansour appointed Exarch of Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand, bestowed with pectoral cross and adorned with it by Greek Orthodox Archbishop Ezekiel at request of Patriarch Ignatius of Antioch

New Generation of Bishops

  • 1969: Archimandrite Gibran (Ramlawey) dispatched from USA by Patriarch Ignatius of Antioch to investigate future of Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australasia.
Oct: Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australasia established by Holy Synod of Antioch.
Nov: First Antiochian Orthodox hierarch, Bishop Gibran (Ramlawey) of Australasia, returns to Australia and commences duties as Patriarchal Vicar of Australia and New Zealand.
Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Iakovos of Philadelphia arrives as Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to investigate future of Greek Orthodox Church in Australia and in New Zealand.
  • 1970: Sister Dorothea places St Basil's Homes for the Aged under the patronage of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese.
Jan: New Zealand is separated from the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, and becomes a separate Greek Orthodox Metropolis of New Zealand with jurisdiction over Southeast Asia, Japan and Korea.
  • 1971 Orthodox Church in America presence begins in Australia with reception of one disaffected ROCOR parish in Bankstown, New South Wales, along with three priests.
Simultaneously Polish Orthodox presence begins in Australia with reception of a disaffected priest from ROCOR.
  • 1972: Third Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
Dec 20: First Romanian Orthodox parish established in Carlton, Melbourne. Dedicated to Ss Peter and Paul.
  • 1974: Bishop Nikolai (Mrdja), elected First Serbian Orthodox hierarch for Australia; enthroned December 30.
  • 1975 Feb 13: Metropolitan Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Miletoupolis elected Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Australia.
Apr 15: Archbishop Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Australia arrives. Enthroned April 26.
  • 1979 Sep 22: Standing Conference of Canonical Orthodox Churches of Australia established, with the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Archbishop of Australia as permanent chairman.
  • 1981 Jan: Fourth Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
  • 1982: First Greek Orthodox National Youth Conference held at University of Melbourne. Resolution passed to hold Greek Orthodox National Youth Conferences every second year thereafter, with Greek Orthodox State Youth Conferences held on the alternate year.
  • 1983: Greek Orthodox St Andrew's Brotherhood revived and better organised by Archbishop Stylianos.
  • 1985 Jan 27-29: Fifth Greek orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Brisbane, Queensland. Congress resolves to contruct a local theological college.
May: Construction of St. Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College commences. College prepares to open in 1986.

Local Theological School

  • 1986 Feb: St. Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College begins teaching.
  • 1988 Sep 13: Moscow Patriarchate establishes first parish in Melbourne, dedicated to Holy Trinity.
  • 1989 Jan: Sixth Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Melbourne.
Moscow Patriarchate established second parish in Sydney.
  • 1991-94: Schism occurs from Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. Patriarchate of Jerusalem accepts schismatic parishes and begins jurisdiction in Australia. Great protests from Archbishop Stylianos and Patriarch Bartholomew ensue, culminating in an expanded Greek-speaking synod and the excommunication of the bishops that went to Australia. Jerusalem withdraws from Australia, causing those parishes either to unite to local schismatic bishops or to join old-calendarist synods.
  • 1992: First visit of an Orthodox Patriarch to Australasia. Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch and All the East visits the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand.
  • 1993 Jan: Seventh Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
  • 1996 Feb: Modern English version of the Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom is published by Professor David Frost for the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand.
Nov: First Visit of Ecumenical Patriarch.
  • 1998 Jan: Eighth Clergy-Laity Congress (Greek Orthodox) held in Sydney.
  • 1999 Jan: Bp Gibran, Patriarchal Exarch for the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand, reposes.
Mar: The Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australasia raised to the status of Archdiocese by Holy Synod of Antioch and All the East.
Sep: Archimandrite Paul Saliba, parish priest in Washington DC, USA, elected Metropolitan Archbishop of Australia and New Zealand by the Holy Synod of Antioch.
  • 2002: St. Andrew's Orthodox Press established to publish The Greek-Australian Vema, the official newspaper of the Archdiocese.
  • 2003: The Hobart Schism. The Greek Orthodox Community in Hobart (formed prior to the 1970s) ask a schismatic clergyman to replace their rector; the incumbent rector founds a parish of the same name, excommunicating all Greek Orthodox in Hobart that did not follow him.
  • 2004: Permanent Romanian Orthodox priest in Western Australia
  • 2006: St. Andrew's Orthodox Press publishes The Divine Liturgy of our Father among the Saints John Chrysostom in hardback.
Oct: Bishop Irenej succeeds Bishop Milutin as the Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Australia and New Zealand.

Sources

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