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Iustinian I

111 octeți adăugați, 2 iunie 2008 21:01
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[[Image:Justinian.jpg|right|thumb|St JustinianSfântul Iustinian, Emperor of Rome and Byzantium in the sixth century.Împărat al Romei şi al Bizanţului în secolul al şaselea]]The holy and rightSfântul şi drept-believing Emperor credinciosul împărat '''Justinian Iustinian I''' ([[May 11mai]], 483–[[November 13noiembrie]]/14, 565), was Eastern a fost Împărat al Imperiului Roman Emperor from de Răsărit de la [[August 1august]], 527, until his deathpână la moartea sa. His wife was the Empress [[Theodora (wife of Justinian)|Theodora]]. Besides being one of the most important rulers of Late Antiquity and a major figure in the history of the Byzantine state, Justinian was also a great champion of Orthodoxy, a builder of [[church]]es and a Church writer. During his reign Byzantium won glory with military victories in Persia, Africa, and Italy, as a result of which paganism was decisively routed among the Germanic Vandals and Visigoth tribes. He is also known as "the last Roman emperor" and was the emperor who reconquered the city of Rome from the Ostrogoths. The Church celebrates his [[feast day]] on [[November 14noiembrie]].
Theodora died in 548; Justinian outlived her for almost twenty years, dying on [[November 13]] or 14, 565.
==Legal and military accomplishmentsRealizări legislative şi militare==
Justinian achieved lasting influence for his judicial reforms, notably the summation of all Roman law, something that had never been done before. Justinian commissioned quaestor Tribonian to the task, and he issued the first draft of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' on [[April 7]], 529, in three parts: ''Digesta'' (or ''Digest'' or ''Pandectae''), ''Institutiones'' (or ''Institutes''), and the ''Codex''. The ''Corpus'' forms the basis of Latin jurisprudence (including ecclesiastical [[Canons of the Orthodox Church|canon law]]: "''ecclesia vivit lege romana''," "the Church lives under Roman law"). It ensured the survival of Roman law, which would pass to the West in the 12th century and later to Eastern Europe, including Russia. It remains influential to this day.
[[Image:Byzantium550.png|left|thumb|The expanse of the Byzantine Empire in 550 under Justinian.]]As far as military campaigns, Justinian was generally successful; he was the last Byzantine emperor to have control over Rome and parts of the West. Like his Roman predecessors and Byzantine successors, Justinian initially engaged in war against Sassanid Persia in the Roman-Persian Wars. However, his primary military ambitions focused on the western Mediterranean, where his general Belisarius spearheaded the reconquest of parts of the territory of the old Roman Empire. Belisarius gained this task as a reward after successfully putting down the Nika riots in Constantinople, because of which Justinian considered fleeing the capital but remained in the city only on the advice of Theodora (according to Procopius). In 533 Belisarius reconquered North Africa from the Vandals, then advanced into Sicily and Italy, recapturing Rome (536) and the Ostrogothic capital at Ravenna (540) in what has become known as the Gothic War.
==Justinian and OrthodoxyIustinian şi Ortodoxia==
[[Image:OrthodoxCross.jpg|right|thumb|Justinian was Iustinian a fervent supporter of Orthodoxy.fost un mare susţinător şi apărător al Ortodoxiei]]Justinian viewed himself as the new [[Constantine the Great]]. He believed in a Mediterranean-wide Christian order politically, religiously and economically, united and ruled from Constantinople under a single Christian emperor. To this end he directed his great wars and his colossal activity in reconquering the western provinces from the Germanic tribes.
Perhaps the most noteworthy event occurred in 529 when the Academy in Athens (famous for being founded centuries earlier by Plato) was placed under state control by order of Justinian, effectively strangling this training school for Hellenism. [[Paganism]] was actively suppressed. The worship of Ammon at Augila in the Libyan desert was abolished, and so were the remnants of the worship of Isis on the island of Philae, in Egypt, and unrepentant Manicheans were executed in Constantinople. Justinian frequently sent out [[missionary|missionaries]] and [[convert]]ed numerous tribes. In Asia Minor alone, John, [[Bishop]] of Ephesus, converted 70,000 pagans.
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{{Succesiune|
înainte= Justin Iustin I|titlu=Eastern Împărat al Imperiului Roman de Răsărit (ByzantineBizantin) Emperor|
ani=527-565|
după=Justin Iustin al II-lea}}
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==Sources and external linksSurse şi legături externe==
* [[w:Justinian I|''Justinian I'' at Wikipedia]]
* [http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/justinian.php earlychurch.org: Justinian I] (Very pro-Justinian and the Church.)
[[Category:RulersConducători]][[Category:Roman EmperorsÎmpăraţi romani]]
[[Category:Sfinţi]]
[[en:Justinian]]
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