Gavriil (Arhanghelul)

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Sf. Arhanghel Gavriil (frescă din Serbia, sec. al XIII-lea)
.

Sfântul Arhanghel Gavriil a fost numit voievod (conducător) al oștirilor cerești; numele lui este asociat cu multe întâmplări din Sfânta Scriptură, și mai ales cu vestirea către Maica Domnului a zămislirii Domnului Iisus Hristos. Astfel, rolul său cel mai important a fost considerat cel de vestitor al mântuirii oamenilor. Biserica ține Soborul Sf. Arhanghel Gavriil pe 26 martie, în ziua următoare Bunei Vestiri, și iarăși pe 13 iulie; de asemeni, este sărbătorit împreună cu ceilalți Arhangheli pe 8 noiembrie.

Istoric

Numele de Gavriil provine din ebraică, însemnând "Omul lui Dumnezeu". O altă traducere ar fi "Dumnezeu este puternic". Prologul din Ohrid îl expliciteaza astfel: "Omul-Dumnezeu. Sfinţii Părinţi, când vorbesc despre Buna Vestire, spun că un arhanghel cu acest nume a fost trimis pentru a arăta cine și cum avea să fie Acela care trebuia să se nască din Cea Preacurată. Astfel, Acesta va fi Omul-Dumnezeu, Dumnezeu tare și puternic".

Gavriil și Mihail sunt arhanghelii care apar cel mai mult în Sfânta Scriptură, deși s-ar putea spune că rolul celui dintâi este prezentat mai pe larg. În Vechiul Testament, este menționat cu numele lui doar în două viziuni ale profetului Daniel (a se vedea Daniel 8 și 9). Aici, el îi arată lui Daniel viitorul lui Israel. Sfânta Tradiţie Gabriel and Michael are the archangels who figure most prominently in the Bible, though it could be argued that Gabriel's role is the better developed. In the Old Testament, he is only mentioned by name in two visions of the Prophet Daniel (see Daniel 8 and 9). Here he explains to Daniel the future of Israel. Holy Tradition also credits Gabriel with inspiring the Prophet Moses to write either Genesis or the entire Pentateuch. Later Jewish Rabbinical literature states that he was the angel who taught Joseph the 70 languages needed to rule in Egypt, but this is not in the Genesis account.

The reason why Gabriel is most celebrated, though, is his role in the Annunciation and other events in New Testament times attributed to him by Tradition (although his name may not be mentioned explicitly in the text). Starting in Luke 1, Gabriel first appears to Zachariah, the father of John the Baptist. Zachariah initially refuses to believe that his barren wife, Elizabeth, and he will have a child in their old age. This is the moment in which Gabriel says, "I am Gabriel. I stand before God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this this good news" (Luke 1:19)1 . He then strikes Zachariah mute until the birth of his son because of his disbelief.

Often Gabriel is also recognized as the angel who announced the birth of the Theotokos to her parents Joachim and Anna and who came to Joseph the Betrothed in a dream, telling him that Mary's pregnancy was indeed miraculous and that he should protect and care for her. He then appeared to the shepherds near Bethlehem, telling them of the Nativity. Thus he was the key figure in revealing to humanity the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. He will also announce the Second Coming of the Lord by blowing a trumpet.

Finally, Gabriel was present during the Passion and Resurrection of the Lord. He is identified as the mysterious "young man, wearing nothing but a linen garment ... following Jesus" who fled naked after he was seized during Christ's arrest in Gethsemene (Mark 14:51-2)1 . Most importantly, it was Gabriel who announced Christ's Resurrection to the Myrrh-bearing Women outside the tomb.

Gabriel the Archangel

Gabriel in Iconography

Because the Angels are incorporeal beings, though they nevertheless take on human form when appearing to mankind, it can be difficult to differentiate one from another in icons.

However, Gabriel is usually portrayed with certain distinguishing characteristics. He typically wears blue or white garments; he holds either a lily (representing the Theotokos), a trumpet, a shining lantern, a branch from Paradise presented to him by the Theotokos, or a spear in his right hand and often a mirror—made of jasper and with a Χ (the first letter of Christ (Χριστος) in Greek)—in his left hand.

He should not be confused with the Archangel Michael, who carries a sword, shield, date-tree branch, and in the other hand a spear, white banner (possibly with scarlet cross) and tends to wear red. Michael's specific mission is to suppress enemies of the true Church (hence the military theme), while Gabriel's is to announce mankind's salvation.

Hymns

Troparion (Tone 4)

Gabriel, commander of the heavenly hosts,
we who are unworthy beseech you,
by your prayers encompass us beneath the wings of your immaterial glory,
and faithfully preserve us who fall down and cry to you:
"Deliver us from all harm, for you are the commander of the powers on high!"

Kontakion (Tone 8)

Supreme commander Gabriel,
you are the glorious intercessor and servant
before the all-radiant, worthy, all-powerful, infinite and awesome Trinity.
Ever pray now that we may be delivered from all tribulations and torments,
so that we may cry out to you:
"Rejoice, protection of your servants!"

Sources and external links

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