Eparhia de New York și New Jersey (OCA)

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Eparhia de New York și New Jersey este o eparhie a Bisericii Ortodoxe din America care a existat între anii 1981-2005, a fost unită cu Eparhia de Washington în 2005, pentru a forma Eparhia de Washington și New York și a fost restabilită în anul 2009.

Istoric

Prima prezență a Ortodoxiei în New York a fost în anul 1870, când Părintele Nicholas Bjerring, un convertit din Danemarca, a fost directat de Mitropolitul Isidor de St. Petersburg pentru a deschide prima Biserică Ortodoxă din New York. Slujbele pentru congregaţie au fost ținute într-o capelă din casa Pr. Nicholas. În 1885 Guvernul Rus și-a retras suportul pentru misiune din cauza lipsei de membrii.

Cea mai veche parohie din eparhie care încă funcționează este Biserica Sf. Petru și Pavel din Buffalo, New York (Fondată în Aprilie, 1894). Printre primii preoți misionari au fost Pr. John Nedzelnitsky, , și Pr. John Kochurov (canonizat în 1994 de Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă).

Visual representation of the Diocese of New York and New Jersey

Catedrala

În 1895, a doua misiune din New York a fost stabilită, numită Biserica Ortodoxă Greaco-Rusă a Sf. Nicolae, și a început să înflorească sub direcția unui al doilea păstor, Părintele Alexander Hotovitzky (canonizat recent de Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă). În 1901, Episcopul Tikhon (mai târziu Patriarhul Tikhon) a început construcția Catedralei Sf. Nicolae de unde va direcționa Biserica Americană până ce va fi chemat înapoi în Rusia în anul 1907. Catedrala a fost terminată în 1904.

Catedrala a folosit Creștinilor Ortodocși din New York și din toată țara până în 1926, când din cauza Revoluției Bolșevică din Rusia clădirea a fost declarată proprietatea legală a reprezentanților americani a "Bisericii Vie". Capul Misiunii Ruse, Mitropolitul Platon a fost reținut pentru a mai folosi proprietatea Arhiepiscopiei. Facilitățile temporare au fost folosite până în 1943 când o fostă biserică metodistă germană la adresa 59 East Second Street a fost cumpărată și renovată. A fost dedicat Acoperământului Maicii Domnului. Pentru următorii 31 de ani, A doua Catedrală a servit ca sediu pentru Biserica din America, birourile de locuințe ale cancelariei și organizațiile naționale aferente, și convocarea întâlniriloe pentru Sinodul Mitropolitan, Sfântul Sinod de Episcopi (cunoscut până la autocefalie ca "Marele Sinod de Episcopi"), și alte Soboare Total ale Bisericii Americane. Pentru mulți ani, majoritatea hirotoniilor episcopale pentru diaconat și preoție au avut loc în acest lăcaș.

Eparhia ierarhului de drept?

Orthodoxy in America recognizes as its beginning the arrival of Orthodox missionaries at Kodiak Island in 1794. The administrative center of the Mission in America, with the eventual sale of Alaska to the United States in 1867, gradually moved from Sitka to San Francisco in 1872. By the time that Bp. Tikhon arrived as administrator in 1898 and had made several extended pastoral journeys, it was obvious that the concentration of parishes and faithful was in the eastern United States. He recommended that the official name of the Mission be changed to the "Diocese of the Aleutians and North America" and suggested that the diocesan see be transferred to New York. This occurred in 1905. From that time until 1980 the parishes in the New York-New Jersey geographic area were officially under the auspices of the ruling hierarch of what is now the Orthodox Church in America (OCA).

Being close to the national Church's administrative center (both when it was located in New York City and since 1974 in Oyster Bay Cove/Syosset, NY) and to St. Vladimir's Seminary has allowed the Diocese to benefit from the leadership of the Church in America. Workshops and conferences on religious education and liturgical music, as well as lecture series for adults have taken place throughout the Diocese at various times and places over the last 40 years.

At the 6th All-American Council, it was announced by the Holy Synod of Bishops that a new Diocese of Washington DC was created that would begin functioning in 1981 and that the nation's capital city would become the see of the Primate of the Orthodox Church in America.

In 1981, the Diocese ceased being the responsibility of the Metropolitan and became one of the territorial Dioceses under its own hierarch, Bishop Peter, since 1990 recognized as Archbishop of New York and New Jersey. Under his guidance the Diocese has strived to balance the demands for stability and growth.

The territory of the original diocese was reformed in 2005 when the Diocese of Washington was re-united with the Diocese of New York and New Jersey under the name of Diocese of Washington and New York. However, in 2009, the Holy Synod reversed this decision, returning to the diocesan structure existing from 1981-2005.

Viața și provocările (1981-2005)

The Former Diocese was to be challenged by the same realities that confront many Orthodox Christians throughout America. Its urban communities had been shaken by deteriorating neighborhoods and the relocation of parishioners either to the suburbs or out of the area. The fragility of employment and lack of job security even within previously dependable companies have forced many to move more frequently than what might have been considered normal in the past. The Diocese has witnessed during the first years of the 20th century the early seeds of pan-Orthodox unity as proclaimed in the vision of Abp. Tikhon.

Yet since the World War I, it had seen attempts at realizing this unity foiled by the tendencies of each traditionally Orthodox ethnic group to minister primarily to the needs of its own people. It has been threatened by its own internal tensions and those caused by the administrative turmoil and confusion apparent within the Russian Orthodox Church since the time of the Revolution.

It has needed to defend its own administrative structure in battles within the American legal system. But areas of the Diocese (particularly in north and central New Jersey and the Triple Cities area of upper New York State) have also participated in a growing sense of interdependence and cooperation among the various Orthodox groups; something that brings great hopes for the future. Above all, the Diocese is challenged, as has been each generation of Christians, to respond and bear witness to the expression of the Orthodox Faith in ways that are both "Traditional" (in the sense of handing down what has been given) and creative (unique and sensitive to the questions and demands of its time).

Primele instituții

Other institutions established in the New York-New Jersey area of this time to meet both the religious and social/economic needs of the immigrants were:

• The Russian Orthodox Christian Immigrant Society of North America (1908)
• The St. Vladimir's National Home and Bank
• The Russian Orphan Home of Brooklyn (1914)
• In 1912, the first seminary originally located in Minneapolis, was transferred to Tenafly, NJ and was called the St. Platon's Orthodox Theological Seminary. (Upon its closure in 1923 the Church would not have another seminary in America until the establishment of St. Tikhon's and St. Vladimir's Seminaries in 1938.)

Parohii

Perioada de început - Immigrația

The initial establishment of parishes in the Diocese closely paralleled the immigration patterns of the immigrants who came before and after the First World War and in connection with the consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution. Approximately half of the present 50 parishes began during this period (1894-1930). The energetic ministry of Fr Alexander Hotovitzky (1895-1914) should be recognized as a significant feature of these early years. Fr. Alexander, as Dean of the St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York, was instrumental in the formation of several Diocesan parishes (as well as some outside of the Diocese). The Russian Orthodox Church, in recently glorifying Fr. Alexander and Fr. John Kochuiov, emphasizes their deaths as martyrs that took place after their return to Russia. But for the OCA, their significance as Orthodox missionaries in America was affirmed in the words of Metropolitan Theophilus: "The American Orthodox Russian people stand on four corners - Bishop Nicholas, Fathers Hotovitzky, Kochurov, and Nedzelnitsky."

Perioada modernă - Misiunea

A later period (from 1958 to 1981) might be called the "time of mission". This is characterized by parishes located in suburban areas (rather than the industrial centers of the first period), by the often pan-Orthodox or pan-ethnic make up of the congregations, and by the resulting use of English as the primary liturgical language. Here, the pastoral work of Fr. John Nehrebecki, Dean of the New Jersey Deanery for over thirty years, should be mentioned. Under his guidance the other 10 churches were founded.

Perioada suprapunerii

In between or overlapping these two periods, there are several diocesan parishes which, while being organized primarily to meet the needs of immigrants coming out of the Second World War, have also ministered to those who have come from particularly Slavic lands throughout this century and to this day. These parishes would include:

• Our Lady of Kazan Church, Sea Cliff, NY (1942);
• Nativity of the Holy Virgin Church, Jackson, NJ (1946); (history)
• Church of the Mother of God, Mays Landing, NJ (1966). (history)

Other parishes throughout the Diocese, even within the suburbs, have needed to consider the incorporation of recent immigrants from former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, which has required some flexibility in pastoral and liturgical practices.

Întâistătătorul actual

His Grace, the Rt. Rev Michael (Dahulich) of New York and New Jersey 2010

During the first day of 2009 Fall Session of the OCA Holy Synod, the hierarchs met with the two episcopal candidates nominated by the Diocese of New York and New Jersey for consideraiton in the election of a diocesan bishop. After meeting with each candidate separately, the Holy Synod elected the Very Rev. Michael Dahulich, Dean of Saint Tikhon's Seminary, to the office of Bishop of New York and the Diocese of New York and New Jersey.

A consecration Divine Liturgy was concelebrated by Metropolitan Jonah and members of the Holy Synod of Bishops at at Saints Peter and Paul Church, Jersey City, NJ, on Saturday, May 8, 2010. On Sunday, May 9, Metropolitan Jonah and the members of the Holy Synod of Bishops con-celebrated the Divine Liturgy and Enthronement of Bishop Michael was at Holy Virgin Protection Cathedral, 59 East Second Street, New York, NY.

On July 8, 2010, His Grace Bishop Michael inaugurated a twelve member Council of Presbyters for the diocese as a consultive group for the diocesan bishop.

Întâistătători anteriori

OCA:

• (Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington 2009 as part of the former Washington and New York Diocese)
• (Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York 2005-2008 as part of the Washington Diocese)
• Peter (L'Huillier) of New York 1981-2005
• Theodosius (Lazor) Archbishop of New York 1977-1981
• Ireney (Bekish) of New York 1970 -1977

Metropolia:

• Ireney (Bekish) of New York 1965-1970
• Leonty (Turkevich) of New York 1950-1965
• Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco 1934-1950
• Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York 1923-1934

Vezi și

• Protopresbyter Alexander Warnecke, chancellor emeritus.

Izvoare

• Who, What, and Where We Are: A History of the Diocese of New York and New Jersey, compiled and edited by Mary Ann Bulko and Fr. John Shimchic, 1995 Heidelberg Press
• All-American Sobors and Councils
• Release Number 2010.11.1