Eftimie de Târnovo

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Eftimie de Târnovo, Patriarh al Bulgariei între 1375 și 1393

Cel întru sfinți părintele nostru Eftimie de Târnovo (1327-1402) a fost ultimul patriarh al Bisericii Ortodoxe Bulgare înainte de căderea sub turci la 1393. Teolog de renume al vremii, sfântul Eftimie a fost patriarh al Bulgariei între anii 1375 și 1393. Prăznuirea lui în Biserica Ortodoxă se face la 20 ianuarie.

Viața

Sfântul Eftimie s-a născut la Târnovo în anul 1325, în familia boierească Tsamblaks. A primit o educație creștinească la școlilele mănăstirești din jurul centrului bisericesc și intelectual de la Târnovo (Veliki Târnovo - Vechiul Târnovo). În 1350 se face călugăr la mănăstirea Kilifarevo, întemeiată de cuviosul Teodosie de Târnovo, cu o pravilă de viață duhovnicească primită de acesta din urmă de la cuviosul Grigorie Sinaitul (prăznuit la 6 aprilie). After Theodosius appointed him his assistant, they traveled in 1363 to Constantinople and spent some time at the Studion Monastery, known for its center of learning and rich library. There, Evtimiy became well-known among the educated clergy of the area as he was influenced by many outstanding thinkers, scholars, and reformers of the spiritual life and beliefs in Southeastern Europe. However, soon after their arrival Theodosius died. Evtimiy then joined the Great Lavra of Athanasius the Anchorite on Mount Athos.

In 1365, Evtimiy went to Aton in what is now Greece, then a center for the Orthodox Church, where earlier that century many scholars and thinkers had lived, among them Gregory the Sinaite, Gregory Palamas, and John Kukuzelis. It was later, after he had moved to Zograph Monastery, that Evtimiy began to reflect on the spelling reforms and planned corrections to the translations of the sacred books.

In 1371, Evtimiy returned to Bulgaria and founded a monastery near Turnovo called “Holy Trinity” that became the center of the famous “Turnovo Literary School”. Here, he established his legacy. Evtimiy led the reform in the Old Bulgarian language, a reform that widely influenced the written language form in principalities the Serbia, Walachia, Moldova, and Russia. He discarded old translations of the sacred books, full of mistakes, and supplied the peoples of the Orthodox faith with new translations, in Old Bulgarian, that destroyed all reasons for disputes among Christians and their heresies.

In 1375, Patriarch Joanicius (Ioanikiy) died and Evtimiy was elected Patriarch of Bulgaria, with his see in Turnovo. An ascetic, Evtimiy persecuted the heresies and the moral decay. He became famous throughout the Orthodox world and a number of metropolitans and hegumens addressed him to interpret theological matters.

In the spring of 1393, the Ottoman Turks laid siege to Turnovo while Tsar Ivan Shishman was defending Nikopol. Left to defend Turnovo, Patr. Evtimiy and his forces held out for three months before the city was over whelmed. Patr. Evtimiy was sent in exile to the Bachkovo Monastery, now in south central Bulgaria. With his deposition and exile, the Tarnovo Patriarchate ceased to exist. The Bulgarian church having lost its independence became subordinate to the Patriarchate of Constantinople until the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate 1870.

The date of his repose is unknown, but it is believed to have been between 1402 to 1204. Patr. Evtimiy was subsequently glorified. His memory is honored on January 20, the same day as that of his namesake Eftimie cel Mare.

Imnografie

Tropar

Strălucind întru nevoinţa cea pustnicească, te-ai învrednicit să şezi în scaunul arhieriei, de unde ai luminat pe toţi cu razele cunoaşterii celei dumnezeieşti şi ai băut paharul cel fără de sânge al muceniciei. Iar acum, înaintea prestolului Ierusalimului celui de sus stând, Eftimie, roagă pe Cel ce şade pe dânsul, Hristos, Dumnezeul nostru, pentru aceia care cinstesc sfântă pomenirea ta.

Casetă de succesiune: Eftimie de Târnovo
Precedat de: Ioanichie al II-lea	Patriarh al Bulgariei 1375-1393	Urmat de: Chiril (Markov) al Bulgariei

Surse

• Remembering a great Bulgarian - Patriarch Evtimii of Turnovo
• Wikipedia: Evtimiy_of_Tarnovo
• Patriarch Evtimii of Bulgaria
• (ro) http://sfintisiicoane.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/sfantul-ierarh-eftimie-patriarh-de-tarnovo-bulgaria-20-ianuarie/