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{{Traducere ENÎmbunătăţire}}
{{Eparhie|
numename=Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă din afara Afara Rusiei|jurisdicţie=[[Church of RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă rusă|RussiaRusia]] |tip=Semi-autonomousautonomă|
întemeiere=1922|
episcop=[[Laurus (Skurla) of de New York|Metr. Mitropolitul Laurus]]|
scaun=New York|
reşedinţă=New York, New York|
teritoriu=United StatesStatele Unite, worldwidelumea întreagă|limbă=[[Church Slavonicslavona veche]], Englishengleză, Germangermană|cântare=[[Russian ChantCântarea rusă]]|calendar=[[Julian CalendarCalendarul iulian|JulianIulian]]|populaţie=între 60,000 to şi 100,000|
website=[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/indexeng.htm ROCOR]
}}
The '''Russian Orthodox Church Outside RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei''' (also called the numită şi ''Russian Orthodox Church AbroadBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Graniţelor'', ''ROCA'', ''ROCOR'', ''the Sinodul Karlovsty Synod'', or sau ''the SynodSinodul'') is a semi-este o [[autonomy|autonomousjurisdicţie]] semi-[[jurisdictionautonomie|autonomă]] of the a [[Moscow PatriarchateBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă|Patriarhiei Moscovei]] originally formed in response against the policy of Bolsheviks with respect to religion in the Soviet Union soon after the Russian Revolution, formată iniţial ca răspuns la politica bolşevică de distrugere a religiei din Uniunea Sovietică, curând după revoluţie din 1918. The ROCOR exists overlapping with previously existing păstoreşte peste [[dioceseeparhie|eparhiile]]s of the Moscow Patriarchate throughout the pe care Patriarhia Moscovei le avea în [[diaspora]].
==HistoryIstoric=====Formation and early yearsÎnfiinţare şi primii ani ===In În 1920, the Soviet government had revealed that it was quite hostile to the guvernul sovietic şi-a dat pe faţă ostilitatea faţă de [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox ChurchBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă]]. Saint Sfântul [[Tikhon of MoscowTihon de Moscova|Tikhon]], Patriarch of Moscow, issued an Patriarh al Moscovei a emis un ''[[Ukaz No. 362|ukazucaz]]'' (decreedecret) that all Russian Orthodox Christians abroad currently under the authority and protection of his Patriarchate organize and govern themselves independently of the Mother Churchprin care toţi creştini ortodocşi ruşi din afara graniţelor, aflaţi în acel moment sub autoritatea şi păstorirea Patriarhiei sale să se organizeze şi guverneze ei înşişi, independent de Biserica Mamă, until such time that the Patriarchate would again be freepână în acle vremuri când Patriarhia va fi din nou liberă.
Among most Russian Printre cei mai mulţi [[bishopepiscop]]s and other hierarchsi şi ierarhi ruşi, this was interpreted as an authorization to form an emergency acest ucaz a fost interpretat ca o autorizaţie pentru un [[synodsinod]] of all Russian Orthodox hierarchs to permit the Church to continue to function outside Russia and provide spiritual care for nearly three million Russian emigresde urgenţă al tuturor ierarhilor ortodocşi ruşi pentru a permite bisericii să funcţioneze în afara Rusieişi să ofere păstorire spirituală celor aproape trei milioane de emigranţi ruşi. To add urgency to the synod's motivesPentru a urgenta aceste sinod, in May of guvernul sovietic a proclamat în mai 1922, the Soviet government proclaimed its own propria sa "[[Living ChurchBiserica Vie|Biserică Vie]]" as a ca o "reformreformă" of the a [[Church of RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă|Russian Orthodox ChurchBisericii Ortodoxe Ruseşti]].
On În [[September 13septembrie]], 1922, Russian Orthodox hierarchs in ierarhii ortodocşi ruşi din Serbia gave their blessing to the establishmentau dat binecuvântarea lor pentru înfiinţarea, in Serbiaacolo, of a Synod of Bishops of the Russian Church Abroadunui sinod al Episcopilor Bisericii Ruse din afara Graniţelor, the foundation of temelia ROCOR. In November of În noiembrie 1922, Russian Orthodox in North ortodocşii ruşi din America held a synod and elected Metropolitan de Nord au ţinut un sinod şi l-au ales pe Mitropolitul [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of de New York|Platon]] as the primate of an autonomous Russian exarchate in the Americas ca [[întâistătător]] al unui exarhat rus autonom în Americi (also known as the cunoscut şi sub numele de ''MetropoliaMitropolia'', which eventually became the care ulterior va deveni [[Orthodox Church in Biserica Ortodoxă din America]]). Although the hierarchs of the Metropolia participated as full equals in the Synod AbroadCu toate că ierarhii Mitropoliei au participat cu drepturi egale la sinodul din afara graniţelor, eventually ulterior a three-way izbucnit un conflict in the United States erupted between the patriarchal exarchatetrilateral, în Statele Unite, între exarhatul patriarhal, ROCOR (sometimes known as cunoscută uneori ca "the SynodSinodul" in this periodîn această periodă), and the şi [[Living ChurchBiserica Vie]], which asserted that it was the legitimate care afirma că este singura deţinătoare legitimă (i.e., Russian-government-recognizedadică recunoscută de guvernul sovietic) owner of all Orthodox properties in the USAa tuturor proprietăţilor ortodoxe din SAU. (SeeVezi: [[ROCOR and şi OCA]])
===The Church of the Refugees Biserica refugiaţilor (1922-1991)==={{orthodoxyinamericaOrtodoxiaînamerica}}In În 1927, ROCOR declared s-au declarat "The part of the Russian Church that finds itself abroad considers itself an inseparablePartea din Biserica Rusiei care s-a găsit în afara graniţelor, spiritually united branch of the Great Russian Churchse consideră ramură a Bisericii Mamă inseparabilă şi unită spiritual. It does not separate itself from its Mother Church and does not consider itself autocephalousNu s-a separat singură de Biserica Mamă şi nu se consideră autocefală," indicating that ceea ce indică faptul că ROCOR considered itself to speak for all of the Russian Orthodox outside of Russiase consideră purtătoare de cuvânt a ortodocşilor ruşi din afara Rusiei. The Church Abroad also considered itself to be the free voice of the enslaved Mother Church in the Soviet UnionBiserica din Afara Graniţelor se mai consideră ca fiind vocea liberă a Bisericii Mamă înrobite din Uniunea Sovietică.<ref>For more on how ROCOR viewed its relationship to the Mother Church, see [http://web.archive.org/web/20030430123024/http:/orthodoxinfo.com/resistance/mpmother.htm Is the Moscow Patriarchate the "Mother Church" of the ROCOR?] by Protopresbyter Alexander Lebedeff, December 28th, 2007</ref>
After the end of World War La sfârşitul Celui de al II-lea Război Mondial, the [[Church of RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă|Patriarchate of MoscowPatriarhia Moscovei]] broached the possibility of reunification between Moscow and a abordat posibilitatea reunificării dintre Moscova şi ROCOR, presumably at the behest of the Soviet governmentprobabil la îndemnul guvernului sovietic, which had adopted care a more conciliatory attitude towards religion during the war and was presumably trying to capitalize on its wartime alliances to win adoptat o atitudine mult mai conciliatoare privind religia în timpul războiului şi se presupune că încerca să fructifice alianţele din timpul războiului pentru a more respectable position internationallyobţine o poziţie internaţională mult mai respectabilă. This was not deemed possible at that time by Acest lucru nu a fost considerat posibil la vremea aceea de către ROCOR, given that Russia was still under communist dictatorship and the Church was still persecuted and controlled by the atheist authoritiesdeoarece Rusia se găsea încă sub dictatura comunistă iar Biserica Rusă înce era controlată şi persecutată de autorităţile atee.
===Holy Transfiguration Monastery and Mănăstirea Schimbarea la Faţă şi ROCOR===In the 1960sÎn anii 1960, ROCOR took under its care a primit sub păstorirea sa [[Holy Transfiguration Monastery Mănăstirea Schimbării la Faţă (Brookline, Massachusetts)]] (today the principal astăzi principala [[monasterymănăstire]] of a [[HOCNA]]) after the latter had broken communion from the după ce aceasta s-a desprins de [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of AmericaArhiepiscopia Ortodoxă Greacă a Americii]]. At some point laterMai târziu, they gradually assumed responsibility for much of călugării de aici şi-au asumat treptat din ce în ce mai mult responsabilitatea pentru relaţiile externe ale ROCOR's external communications and publicationsşi pentru publicaţiile sale. (The monks of Holy Transfiguration were English-speaking and the Călugării de la Schimbarea la Faţă erau vorbitori de engleză pe când episcopii ROCOR bishops in America mainly were not, în majoritate, nu.)
It is believed by many that the allegedly sectarian spirit of Mulţi consideră că spiritul sectar, vorba vine, al ROCOR came into its flowering during this time and under the influence of this monasterya fost la apogeu în această perioadă şi sub influenţa acestei mănăstiri, care, which frequently misrepresented the official policies and views of the Synod of Bishopsîn mod frecvent, a prezentat eronat politica oficială şi poziţiile Sinodului Episcopilor. In the early 1980s the hierarchs of the Synod began to correct and censor the narrow-minded and incorrect views of the followers of Holy Transfiguration MonasteryLa începutul anilor 1980, ierarhii sinodului au început să corecteze şi să cenzureze poziţiile înguste şi incorecte ale susţinătorilor Mănăstirii Schimbarea la Faţă. Subsequently this group broke communion with În consecinţă, acest grup a întrerupt comuniunea cu ROCOR (regarding allegations of sexual abuse by the monastery's leadershipîn urma acuzaţiilor de abuzuri sexuale ale conducerii mănăstirii), styling themselves the numindu-se ei înşişi [[HOCNA|Holy Orthodox Church in North Sfânta Biserica Ortodoxă din Americade Nord]] (HOCNA). They became affiliated with the Ei s-au afiliat la [[True Orthodox Church of GreeceBiserica Ortodoxă Adevărată a Greciei]], un grup grec de vechi-calendarişti care s-a Greek Old Calendarist group which broke from the separat de [[Church of GreeceBiserica Ortodoxă a Greciei]]. According to Fr. După spusele Părintelui Alexey Young (author of autor al lucrării ''The Russian Orthodox Church Outside RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei: A History and ChronologyIstorie şi Cronologie''), the association of asocierea ROCOR and Holy Transfiguration Monastery resulted in deep damage to cu Mănăstirea Schimbarea la Faţă a dus la deteriorarea gravă a imaginii ROCOR.<ref>For more on the history of this schism, see [http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/hocna_facts.htm http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/hocna_facts.htm], December 28, 2007</ref>
===După căderea Uniunii Sovietice ===
După căderea Uniunii Sovietice, ROCOR şi-a menţinut independenţa faţă de [[Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă|Patriarhia Moscovei]] pe motivul că biserica din Rusia a fost compromisă într-un mod inacceptabil. Unele acuzatori au mers atât de departe încât au declarat că întreaga ierarhie din Rusia era componentă a KGB-ului. De asemenea, ROCOR a încercat să trimită misiuni de convertire în Rusia post-sovietică.
Totuşi, toate acestea nu au oprit comunicarea dintre părţi. Mulţi ani au avut loc contacte neoficiale şi călduroase între cele două grupuri. În 2001, Sinodul Patriarhiei Moscovei şi ROCOR au schimbat o corespondenţă oficială. Scrisoarea moscovită cuprindea poziţia conform căreia separarea anterioară şi curentă era o chestiune de politică pură. Răspunsul ROCORşi-a exprimat îngrijorarea privind implicarea continuă a Moscovei în [[ecumenism]], ceea ce a fost văzut ca o compromitere a ortodoxiei Moscovei. Cu toate acestea, acesta a fost, de departe, cel mai prietenesc discurs dintre cele de până atunci.
===After the Soviet fall===After the end of the Soviet UnionDupă dizolvarea Uniunii Sovietice, ROCOR maintained its independence from the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] on the grounds that the Church inside Russia had been unacceptably compromised. Some accusations went so far as to claim that the entire hierarchy within Russia were active KGB agents. ROCOR also attempted to set up missions in post-Soviet RussiaBiserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei a continuat să înfiinţeze parohii în ţara mamă, cu toate că astăzi toate aceste parohii sunt fie în comuniune cu Patriarhia Moscovei fie sunt schismatice şi fac parte din grupul "Ruşii liberi" sau alte grupuri.
This did not prevent all communication===Opinii ale Patriarhiei Moscovei ===După declaraţia Mitropolitului Serghie din 1927, howeverîn cadrul ROCOR, părerile privind Patriarhia Moscovei erau împărţite. Trebuie făcută distincţia dintre opiniile variate ale [[episcop]]ilor, [[cler]]ului şi laicilor din cadrul ROCO şi declaraţia oficială a Sinodului Episcopilor. Exista un consens general în ROCOR cum că guvernul sovietic manipula Patriarhia Moscovei într-o problemă sau alta şi că, în aceste condiţii, legăturile administrative erau imposibile. For many years there had been unofficial and warm contacts between the two groupsDe asemenea, există şi declaraţii oficiale despre alegerea patriarhilor Moscovei care au avut loc după 1927 că ar fi invalide deoarece nu au fost alegeri libere (fără implicarea sovietelor) sau cu participarea întregii Biserici Ruse. In 2001<ref>See, for example, [http://www.stvladimirs.ca/library/concerning-patriarch-pimen.html Resolution of the Synod Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Concerning the Patriarchate Election of Pimen (Isvekov) as Patriarch of Moscow and , September 1/14) 1971], December 27th, 2007</ref> Cu toate acestea, declaraţiile spuneau, în esenţă, că ROCOR exchanged formal correspondencenu recunoaşte Patriarhii Moscovei aleşi după 1927 ca fiind întâistătători legitimi ai Bisericii Rusiei – ei nu declarau că episcopii Patriarhiei Moscovei ar fi episcopi ilegitimi sau lipsiţi de har. The Muscovite letter held the position that previous and current separation was over purely political mattersTotuşi, sub umbrela acestui consens general, opiniile privind Patriarhia Moscovei se situau între cei care susţineau părerea extremă că Patriarhia Moscovei a apostaziat din Biserica Ortodoxă (aceia care gravitau în jurul Mănăstirii Schimbarea la Faţă fiind cei mai înfocaţi avocaţi ai acestei poziţii) şi cei care care îi considerau victime inocente în mâinile sovieticilor, cuprinzând toate gradele între aceste două extreme. Avocaţii vederilor radicale la adresa Patriarhiei Moscovei au devenit deosebit de virulenţi în perioada anilor 1970, în vremea când ROCOR's response expressed concern over continued Muscovite involvement in [[ecumenism]]se autoizola din ce în ce mai mult de restul lumii ortodoxe datorită îngrijorării privind direcţia implicării ortodoxe în mişcarea ecumenică. Înainte de colapsul Uniunii Sovietice, exista o nevoie arzândă de a răspunde întrebării despre ce trebuie făcut în privinţa statutului Patriarhiei Moscovei, which was seen as compromising Moscow's Orthodoxy. Neverthelessdeşi începând cu mijlocul anilor 1980 (când a început perioada glaznost-ului în Uniunea Sovietică şi culminând cu colapsul guvernului sovietic în 1991), this was far more friendly discourse than had been seen previouslyaceastă întrebare a dus la numeroase schisme şi a ocupat din ce în ce mai mult atenţia celor din ROCOR.
After the dissolution of the Soviet UnionExistă câteva aspecte importante referitor la poziţia oficială a ROCOR care trebuie înţelese. Istoric, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia continued to establish itself in its homelandROCOR a afirmat întotdeauna că este o parte inseparabilă a Bisericii Rusiei iar statutul său de autonomie este doar temporar, although today, all of those parishes are either reconciled with the Moscow Patriarchatebazat pe [http://www.pomog.org/index.html?http://www.pomog.org/ukaz.htm ucazul 362], or have gone into schism with one "Free Russian" group or another. până în vremea în care dominaţia guvernului sovietic asupra afacerilor Bisericii va înceta:
===Views on the Moscow Patriarchate===After the declaration of Metropolitan Sergius of 1927, there were :“Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei este o parte indisolubilă a Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse şi până la dispariţia completă a range of opinions regarding the Moscow Patriarchate within ROCOR. A distinction must be made between the various opinions of bishopsguvernului ateist din Rusia, clergyeste auto-guvernată pe principii conciliatoare în concordanţă cu rezoluţia Patriarhului, and laity within ROCORPrea Sfântului Sinod şi a Consiliului Soborului Suprem al Bisericii Rusiei din data de 7/20 noiembrie, and official statements from the Synod of Bishops. There was a general consensus in ROCOR that the Soviet government was manipulating the Moscow Patriarchate to one extent or another1920, and that under such circumstances administrative ties were impossiblenr 362. There were also official statements made that the elections ”<ref>'The Statutes of the patriarchs of Moscow which occurred after 1927 were invalid because they were not conducted freely (without the interference of the Soviets) or with the participation of the entire Russian Orthodox Church.<ref>See, for exampleOutside of Russia', first paragraph [http://www.stvladimirsrussianorthodoxchurch.caws/english/pages/libraryregulations/concerning-patriarch-pimenrocorregulations.html Resolution of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Concerning the Election of Pimen (Isvekov) as Patriarch of Moscow, September 1http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/english/pages/regulations/14) 1971rocorregulations.html], December 27th28, 2007</ref> However, these statements only declared that ROCOR did not recognize the Patriarchs of Moscow who were elected after 1927 as being the legitimate primates of the Russian Church -- they did not declare that the Bishops of the Moscow Patriarchate were illegitimate bishops, or without grace. There were, however, under the umbrella of this general consensus, various opinions about the Moscow Patriarchate, ranging for those who held the extreme view that the Moscow Patriarchate had apostatized from the Church (those in the orbit of Holy Transfiguration Monastery being the most vocal advocates of this position), to those who considered them to be innocent sufferers at the hands of the Soviets, and all points in between. Advocates of the more extreme view of the Moscow Patriarchate became increasingly strident in the 1970's, at a time when ROCOR was increasingly isolating itself from much of the rest of the Orthodox Church due to concerns over the direction of Orthodox involvement in the Ecumenical Movement. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, there wasn't a burning need to settle the question of what should be made of the status of the Moscow Patriarchate, although beginning in the mid 1980's (as the period of Glaznost began in the Soviet Union, which culminated in the ultimate collapse of the Soviet government in 1991), these questions resulted in a number of schisms, and increasingly occupied the attention of those in ROCOR.
There are certain basic facts about the official position of ROCOR that should be understood. HistoricallyÎn aceea şi direcţie, ROCOR has always affirmed that it was an inseparable part of the Russian Church, and that it's autonomous status was only temporary, based upon [http://www.pomog.org/index.html?http://www.pomog.org/ukaz.htm Ukaz 362[Anastasie (Gribanovsky) de Chişinău|Mitropolitul Anastasie], until such time as the domination of the Soviet government over the affairs of the Church should cease] a scris în al său Ultimă Dorinţă şi Testament:
:“The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia is an indissoluble part of the Russian Orthodox Church“Cât priveşte Patriarhia Moscovei şi ierarhii ei, atât timp cât ei vor continua cooperarea apropiată, activă şi benevolă cu guvernul sovietic, care propovăduieşte deschis ateismul complet şi lucrează la introducerea ateismului în întreaga naţiune rusă, and for the time until the extermination in Russia of the atheist governmentBiserica din Afara Rusiei, is selfmenţinându-governing on conciliar principles in accordance with the resolution of the Patriarchşi curăţia, the Most Holy Synodnu trebuie să aibă nici un fel de comuniune canonică, and the Highest Church Council [Sobor] of the Russian Church dated 7/20 Novemberliturgică şi nici chiar pur şi simplu externă cu ei, 1920, No. 362lăsându-i pe fiecare dintre ei în acelaşi timp judecăţii finale Sinodului (Soborului) a viitoarei Biserici Ortodoxe libere.”<ref>'The Statutes last will and testament of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of RussiaMetropolitan Anastassy, 1957', first paragraph, [http://www.russianorthodoxchurchorthodox.wsnet/englisharticles/pages/regulations/rocorregulationsanastasy-will.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurchorthodox.wsnet/englisharticles/pages/regulations/rocorregulationsanastasy-will.html], December 28, 2007</ref>
SimilarlyROCOR considera Biserica Rusiei ca fiind formată din trei părţi în perioada sovietică: 1. Patriarhia Moscovei, 2. Biserica din Catacombe, şi 3. Biserica Ruă Liberă (ROCOR). Biserica din Catacombe a fost o parte importantă a Bisericii Rusiei înainte de Al Doilea Război Mondial. Cei mai mulţi din ROCOR au părăsit Rusia înainte sau în timpul celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial. Ei nu au fost afectaţi de schimbările petrecute imediat după război – cea mai importantă fiind alegerea Patriarhului [[Anastasy Alexei I (GribanovskySimansky) of Kishinevde Moscova|Metropolitan AnastasyAlexei I]] wrote in his Last Will and Testament, şi când Biserica din Catacombe s-a împăcat cu Patriarhia Moscovei. Până prin anii 1970, datorită reconcilierii, dar şi persecuţiilor continue ale sovieticilor, au rămas foarte puţini membrii ai Bisericii din Catacombe. Alexander Solzhenitsyn a punctat acest lucru într-o scrisoare din 1974 către Sinodul ROCOR al Întregii Diaspore, în care el declară că nu "trebuie arătată nici un fel de solidaritate cu catacombele misterioase, lipsite de păcate dar şi lipsite de trup."<ref>The Catacomb Tikhonite Church 1974, The Orthodox Word, Nov.-Dec., 1974 (59), 235-246, [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/cat_1974.aspx http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/cat_1974.aspx], December 28, 2007.</ref> Faptul că Biserica din Catacombe a încetat pur şi simplu să existe a fost, de facto, recunoscută atunci când, deoarece comunismul se apropia de colapsul final în Rusia, ROCOR a încput să înfiinţeze parohiile "libere ruseşti" din Rusia şi să hirotonească episcopi pentru asemenea parohii, niciodată nu a recunoscut nici un fel de episcop din catacombe ca fiind episcop legitim.
:“As regards the Moscow Patriarchate and its hierarchsÎntr-un final, colapsul comunismului în Uniunea Sovietică a precipitat criza din ROCOR, pentru că adevăratul motiv pentru care această separare de Patriarhia Moscovei apăruse iniţial, acum dispăruse şi astfel consensul care anterior ţinuse ROCOR unită a început să se destrame. Erau aceia care nu credeau că Patriarhia Moscovei este încă eliberată de sub controlul KGB şi astfel, în nici un caz ei nu renunţaseră la pe deplin la politicile Mitropolitului Serghie. Mai erau şi aceia care credeau că, făcând abstracţie de situaţia politică din Rusia, thencă problema ecumenismului în sine devenise un motiv suficient de păstrare a separării. Dar, so long as they continue in closedupă Sinodul Tuturor Ruşilor din august 2000 al Patriarhiei Moscovei, active and benevolent cooperation with the Soviet Governmentîn care Patriarhia a condamnat oficial teoria ecumenistă a ramurilor şi, which openly professes its complete godlessness and strives to implant atheism in the entire Russian nationde asemenea, then the Church Abroada renunţat în principiu, maintaining Her puritydacă nu în practică, must not have any canonicalla policies ale Mitropolitului Serghie, liturgical or even simply external communion with them whatsoeverproblema reconcilierii cu Patriarhia Moscovei a devenit de neevitat şi cerând o rezolvare, leaving each one of them at the same time to the final judgment of the Council (Sobor) of the future free Russian Church.”într-un fel sau altul <ref>'The last will and testament of Metropolitan AnastassyStatus Quo, ROCOR?, 1957' [http://wwwpages.orthodoxprodigy.net/articlesfrjohnwhiteford/anastasy-willstatusquo.html htm http://wwwpages.orthodoxprodigy.net/articlesfrjohnwhiteford/anastasy-willstatusquo.htmlhtm], December 28, 2007.</ref>
ROCOR viewed the Russian Church as consisting of three parts during the Soviet period===Reapropierea de Moscova ===[[Image: 1Laurus alexii signing. The Moscow Patriarchate, 2. the Catacomb Church, and 3. The Free Russian Church (ROCOR). The Catacomb Church had been a significant part of the Russian Church prior to World War II. Most of those in ROCOR had left Russia during or well before World War II. They were unaware of the changes that had occurred immediately after World War jpg|right|250px|thumb|Semnarea actului de uniune canonică de către Patriarhul Alexeai al II -- most significantly that with the election of Patriarch lea şi Mitropolitul Laurus]]De la alegerea Mitropolitului [[Alexei I Laurus (SimanskySkurla) of Moscowde New York|Alexei ILaurus]], most of the Catacomb Church was reconciled with the Moscow Patriarchate. By the 1970's, due to this reconciliation, as well as to continued persecution by the Soviets, there was very little left of the Catacomb Church. Alexander Solzhenitsyn made this point in a letter to the 1974 All-Diaspora Sobor of ca Întâistătător al ROCORîn 2001, in which he stated that un proces stabil de reapropiere între ROCOR should not "show solidarity with şi Patriarhia Moscovei a mysterious, sinless, but also bodiless catacombfost iniţiat. Vizite oficiale multiple au avut loc între ierarhi şi alţi clerici ale celor două biserici şi a fost anunţată o dată oficială pentru restaurarea unei [[comuniune deplină|comuniuni depline]] de ambele părţi sides."<ref>The Catacomb Tikhonite Church 1974, The Orthodox Word, Nov.-Dec., 1974 (59), 235-246, [http://www.orthodoxinfoantiochian.comorg.au/ecumenismcontent/view/587/6/cat_1974.aspx http://www.orthodoxinfoantiochian.comorg.au/content/view/ecumenism587/6/cat_1974.aspx], December 28, 2007.</ref> The fact that the catacomb Church had essentially ceased to exist was de facto recognized when, as Communism was about to finally collapse in Russia, ROCOR began to establish "Free Russian" parishes in Russia, and to consecrate bishops to oversee such parishes, and never recognized any alleged Catacomb bishop as having a legitimate episcopacy.
Finally, the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union precipitated În octombrie 2001 Patriarhul [[Alexei al II-lea (Ridiger) de Moscova|Alexei al II-lea]] şi [[Sfântul Sinod]] al Patriarhiei Moscovei a crisis in ROCORtrimis o scrisoare Sinodului Episcopilor Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse din Afara Rusiei cerând la unire, because the very reason that had initially resulted in its separation from the Moscow Patriarchate had been removeddar fără succes. Cu toate acestea, and so the basis of the consensus that had previously united ROCOR began to unravelexista o recunoaştere mutuală a harului tainelor celeilalte biserici. There were those who did not believe that the Moscow Patriarchate was yet free from the control of the KGBApoi, and that in any case they had not sufficiently renounced the policies of Metropolitan Sergius. There were also those who believed that regardless of the political situation in Russiaîn noiembrie 2003, that the question of Ecumenism had become sufficient grounds for continued separationo delegaţie a Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse din Afara Rusiei formată din trei episcopi şi doi preoţi au făcut o vizită oficială la Moscova. But after the August 2000 All-Russian Sobor of the Moscow PatriarchateAcest fapt a semnalat o încălzire a relaţiilor, in which the MP officially condemned the Branch Theory of Ecumenismiar în mai 2004, and also renounced in principle, if not in name, the policies of Metropolitan Sergius, the question of reconciliation with the Moscow Patriarchate become an unavoidable question that had to be resolved, one way or another<ref>Status Quopentru prima dată de la înfiinţarea ROCOR, Întâistătătorul ROCOR?, [http://pagesMitropolitul Laurus a vizitat Moscova şi s-a întâlnit cu Patriarhul Alexei.prodigyCei doi lideri de biserici au înfiinţat o comisie comună care să examineze posibilităţile de depăşire a despărţirii dintre cele două biserici.net/frjohnwhiteford/statusquo.htm http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/statusquo.htm]Acest comitet s-a întâlnit de câteva ori, December 28cu succes, 2007lucrând la detaliile intercomuniunii dintre membrii celor două biserici.</ref>
===Rapprochement with Moscow===Această posibilitate de reapropiere a dus la o mică [[Image:Laurus alexii signing.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The signing of the Act of Canonical Communion by Patr. Alexey II and Metr. Laurusschismă]]Since the election of Metropolitan de ROCOR, luându-l pe auto-pensionatul Mitropolit [[Laurus Vitaly (SkurlaUstinov) of de New York|LaurusVitaly]] as First Hierarch of ROCOR in 2001(predecesorul Mitropolitului Laurus) cu ea (considerat de unii ca fiind, de fapt, a steady process of rapprochement occurred between ROCOR and the răpit de schismatici). Gruparea rezultată se auto-intitulează ''[[Church of Russia|Moscow PatriarchateBiserica ortodoxă rusă în Exil]]'' (ROCE/ROCiE), cu toate că, adesea, încă mai foloseşte numele de ''ROCOR''. Multiple official visits have been exchanged between hierarchs and other clergy of both churchesCâteva alte comunităţi s-au separat de ROCOR, and the date for restoration of unele unindu-se cu grupuri de [[full communionvechi-calendarişti]] was officially announced by both sides.<ref>[http://www.antiochian.org.au/content/view/587/6/ http://www.antiochian.org.au/content/view/587/6/]</ref>
In October 2001 Patriarch În [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II21 iunie]] and the 2005, s-a anuţat simultan de către ROCOR şi Patriarhia Moscovei, pe site-urile fiecăreia că dialogul de reapropiere conduce spre reluarea relaţiilor depline dintre ROCOR şi PM şi că ROCOR va avea statutul de [[Holy Synodautonomie]].<ref>[http://www.mospat.ru/text/e_news/id/9553.html http://www.mospat.ru/text/e_news/id/9553.html] of the Moscow Patriarchate sent a letter to the Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia calling for reconciliation, but without success[http://www. However, there was mutual recognition of grace in the sacraments of each churchrussianorthodoxchurch. Then, in November 2003, a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia consisting of three bishops and two priests paid an official visit to the Moscow Patriarchatews/01newstucture/pagesen/articles/docs. This signaled a warming in relations, and in May 2004 for the first time since the foundation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, the First Hierarch of ROCOR, Metropolitan Laurus, visited Moscow and met with Patriarch Alexeihtml http://www. The two church leaders established a joint committee to examine ways to overcome the division between their churchesrussianorthodoxchurch. This committee met successfully on several occasions, working out the details of intercommunion between the two Church bodiesws/01newstucture/pagesen/articles/docs.html]</ref>
This possibility of rapprochement led to În mai 2006, ROCOR a organizat al IV-lea Sinod al Întregii Diaspore, care s-a small [[schism]] from ţinut în Catedrala Preasfânta Maica Domnului Bucuria celor Necăjiţi din San Francisco, California. Sinodul, format din delegaţi ai clerului şi laicilor din toate eparhiile ROCOR, taking the selfa adoptat o rezoluţie care exprimă "marea speranţă că, în curând, unitatea Bisericii Rusiei va fi realizată pe temelia Adevărului lui Hristos, deschizând posibilitatea pentru noi de a sluji împreună şi să ne împărtăşim dintr-retired Metropolitan un singur potir."<ref>[[Vitaly (Ustinov) of New York|Vitaly]] (Metropolitan Laurus's predecessor) with it (regarded by many in ROCOR as having been abducted by the schismatics)http://www.sobor2006.com/more2.php?id=99_0_3_0_M45 http://www.sobor2006. The resultant body refers to itself as the ''[[Russian Orthodox Church in Exile]]'' (ROCEcom/ROCiE), though it often still uses the ''ROCOR'' namemore2. A few other communities have also broken off from ROCOR, some joining with Greek [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendaristphp?id=99_0_3_0_M45]] groups.</ref>
On [[June 21]]După acest sinod al diasporei, a avut loc un sinod al episcopilor din ROCOR. După declaraţiile unor surse apropiate sinodului, s-a ajuns, 2005în general, it was announced simultaneously by both the ROCOR and the MP on their respective websites that rapprochement talks were leading toward the resumption of full relations between the ROCOR and the MP and that the ROCOR would be given the status of la o înţelegere asupra textului propus pentru "[[autonomyActul de Comuniune Canonică cu Patriarhia Moscovei|Actul de Unitate Canonică]]," dar acesta a fost retrimis înapoi Comitetului de Dialog cu Patriarhia Moscovei pentru a reface anumite aspecte ale documentului.<ref>[http://www.mospat.ru/text/e_news/id/9553.html http://www.mospat.ru/text/e_news/id/9553.html][http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/articles/docs.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/articles/docs{{citat}} Natura exactă a elementelor care necesitau clarificare nu este cunoscută pe deplin, dar, în conformitate cu surse apropiate Sinodului Episcopilor, este vorba, printre altele, şi de aspecte ale proprietăţilor din Ţara Sfântă.html]</ref>{{citat}}
In May În 6 septembrie 2006, the Sinodul Episcopilor ROCOR met in its IV All-Diaspora Councila confirmat aprobarea lor pentru Actul revizuit de Unire Canonicăşi a împuternicit Comitetul de Dialog cu Patriarhia Moscovei să clarifice detaliile semnării oficiale ale Actului.<ref> [http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktko.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktko.html]</ref> Subsequently on September 11, which was held at Most Holy Theotokos Joy of All Who Sorrow Cathedral in San Francisco, California. 2006 The council consisted Synod of clergy and lay delegates from all dioceses Bishops of the ROCOR, and adopted published on ROCOR's website a resolution, expressing "great hope that in the appropriate time, the unity clarification of their decision to confirm and approve the Russian Church will be restored upon the foundation of the Truth of ChristAct.<ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktexplanantion.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktexplanantion.html]</ref> Patriarhul Alexei al II-lea al Moscovei şi Întregii Rusii a aprobat munca comitetelor şi a declarat că faptul reunificării merge în direcţia cea bună, opening for us the possibility to serve together and to commune from one Chalicedar va mai lua ceva timp."<ref>[http://www.sobor2006interfax-religion.com/more2.php?idact=news&div=99_0_3_0_M45 1977 http://www.sobor2006interfax-religion.com/more2.php?idact=news&div=99_0_3_0_M451977]</ref>
Following the IV AllAtât Patriarhia Moscovei cât şi Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei au publicat pe site-Diaspora Council, the Council of Bishops of the ROCOR was heldurile proprii varianta finală a Actului de Unire Canonică <ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_akt.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_akt. According to sources close to the council, it generally agreed html]</ref> with the text of the proposed "all relevant supporting documents <ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_addendum.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_addendum.html] [Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate|Act of Canonical Unityhttp://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/11ensummation.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/11ensummation.html]]," but remitted it back to the Committee for Dialogue with the Moscow Patriarchate to rework certain aspects of the document</ref> în 1 noiembrie 2006.{{citation}} The exact nature of the elements to be worked out is unclearActul fiind aprobat atât de Patriarhia Moscovei cât şi de ROCOR, buta fost semnat în mod oficial în 17 mai 2007 la Moscova, according to sources close to the Synod of Bishopsurmat fiind de o conslujire a Sfintei Liturghii, involves, among other things, property issues in the Holy Landaducând astfel ROCOR în Biserica Rusă.{{citation}}
On September 6, 2006 The Synod of Bishops of ROCOR decreed their confirmation and approval of the revised Act of Canonical Unity and instructed the Commission on Discussion with the Moscow Patriarchate to work jointly with the Moscow Patriarchate to work out details of the official signing of the Act.<ref> [http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktko.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktko.html]</ref> Subsequently on September 11, 2006 The Synod of Bishops of ROCOR published on ROCOR's website a clarification of their decision to confirm and approve the Act.<ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktexplanantion.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enaktexplanantion.html]</ref> Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia acknowledged the work of the commissions and declared that the act of reunification, while moving in the right direction, will take time.<ref> [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=1977 http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=1977]</ref> Both the Moscow Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia published on their respective websites the final full text of the Act of Canonical Unity <ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_akt.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_akt.html]</ref> with all relevant supporting documents <ref>[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_addendum.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enmat_addendum.html] [http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/11ensummation.html http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/11ensummation.html] </ref> on November 1, 2006. The Act having been approved by both the Moscow Patriarchate and ROCOR, it was formally signed in Moscow on May 17, 2007, followed by a concelebration of the Divine Liturgy, bringing the ROCOR into the Moscow Patriarchate. ===ROCOR Todayastăzi===ROCOR currently has over 400 [[parish]]es as well as [[monastery|monasteries]] for men and women in 40 countries throughout the world, served by nearly 600 [[priest]]s. In North America, it has approximately 133 parishes in the US and 22 in Canada. There are three ROCOR communities in the United Kingdom and 21 in [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)|Australia and New Zealand]]. There are also roughly 100 communities which owe allegiance to ROCOR in Russia and the other nations of the former Soviet Union.
There are five ROCOR monasteries for men and women in North America, the most important and largest of which is [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)]], to which is attached ROCOR's seminary, [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary]].
In concert with the [[Church of Jerusalem]], ROCOR also oversees the [http://www.jerusalem-mission.org/ Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem], which acts as caretaker to three holy sites in Palestine, all of which are monasteries.
==Ecclesiastical status before Statutul ecleziastic înainte de 2007==Until the reconciliation with Moscow in 2007, the ROCOR was in relative [[Eucharist]]ic isolation from much of the Orthodox world, not always exchanging [[full communion]] with the majority of Orthodox [[jurisdiction]]s. It maintained good relations, intercommunion, and [[concelebration]] with the [[Church of Serbia]], the [[Church of Jerusalem]], and the [[Church of Sinai]]. Before the reconciliation, ROCOR's status with regard to [[full communion]] was not entirely clear-cut. There was never a formal declaration of a break in communion made between ROCOR and most other Orthodox churches, though in many dioceses [[concelebration]] had been suspended. In others, concelebration was active. A formal declaration of breaking communion with the OCA was issued by the ROCOR Synod after the Moscow Patriarchate issued the Tomos of Autocephaly to the OCA. (See: [[ROCOR and OCA]].) Generally Orthodox Christians from all local Orthodox churches were welcome to the chalice in ROCOR churches. There was never a declaration from the ROCOR synod that grace did not exist in the [[New Calendar]] jurisdictions, in spite of statements to the contrary by the followers of Holy Transfiguation Monastery in Boston when they were still with the Synod. ROCOR formerly maintained communion with a few [[Old Calendarist]] jurisdictions, including the [[Holy Synod in Resistance]] (True Orthodox Church of Greece, so-called "Cyprianites"), the [[Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania]] (Synod of Metropolitan Vlasie), and the [[Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria]] (Bishop Photii). In 2006, communion with the [[Holy Synod in Resistance]] was suspended, after the ROCOR Synod received a letter from Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fili stating that Metropolitan Laurus' name had been "struck from the diptych."<ref>[http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2006/2ensynodmeeting.html http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2006/2ensynodmeeting.html]</ref> Relations with the Synod of Metropolitan Vlasie and with Bishop Photii of Triaditza were subsequently severed as well.
As of 2007, with Before the reconciliation , ROCOR's status with Moscowregard to [[full communion]] was not entirely clear-cut. There was never a formal declaration of a break in communion made between ROCOR and most other Orthodox churches, the ROCOR is now though in many dioceses [[concelebration]] had been suspended. In others, concelebration was active. A formal declaration of breaking communion with the OCA was issued by the ROCOR Synod after the Moscow Patriarchate issued the Tomos of Autocephaly to the OCA. (See: [[List of autocephalous ROCOR and autonomous OCA]].) Generally Orthodox Christians from all local Orthodox churches|all of mainstream Orthodoxywere welcome to the chalice in ROCOR churches. There was never a declaration from the ROCOR synod that grace did not exist in the [[New Calendar]] jurisdictions, in spite of statements to the contrary by virtue the followers of its incorporation into Holy Transfiguation Monastery in Boston when they were still with the Moscow PatriarchateSynod.
==The Episcopacy==The Russian ROCOR formerly maintained communion with a few [[Old Calendarist]] jurisdictions, including the [[Holy Synod in Resistance]] (True Orthodox Church of Greece, so-called "Cyprianites"), the [[Old Calendar Orthodox Church Outside Russia currently has 13 of Romania]] (Sinodul Mitropolitului Vlasie), and the [[bishopOld Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria]]s serving 11 (Episcop Fotie). În 2006, communion with the [[dioceseHoly Synod in Resistance]]was suspended, after the ROCOR Synod received a letter from Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fili stating that Metropolitan Laurus' name had been "struck from the diptych."<ref>[http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2006/2ensynodmeeting.html http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2006/2ensynodmeeting.html]s throughout </ref> Relations with the worldSynod of Metropolitan Vlasie and with Bishop Photii of Triaditza were subsequently severed as well.
Începând cu 2007, odată cu reconcilierea cu Moscova, ROCOR este în prezent în comuniune cu [[Lista bisericilor autocefale şi autonome|bisericile din curentul principal al Ortodoxiei]] în virtutea faptului de a fi fost reîncorporată în Patriarhia Moscovei.
Ruling bishops:==Episcopatul==* Metropolitan Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă din Afara Rusiei are în prezent 13 [[Laurus (Skurla) of New York|Laurus (Skurla)]] of New York and Eastern America, First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, Ruling Bishop of the Syracuse-Holy Trinity Diocese, ''[[Locum Tenens]]'' of the Eastern part of the Diocese of Montreal and Canada* Archbishop [[Alypy (Gamanovich) of Chicago|Alypy (Gamanovich)episcop]] of Chicago and Mid-America* Archbishop [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin|Mark (Arndt)]] of Berlin, Germany and of Great Britain* Archbishop [[Hilarion (Kapral) of Sydney|Hilarion (Kapral)]] of Sydney, [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)|Australia and New Zealand]]* Archbishop [[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco|Kyrill (Dmitrieff)]] of San Francisco and Western America, Locum Tenens of the Western part of the Diocese of Montreal and Canada* Bishop i care păstoresc 11 [[Michael (Donskoff) of Genevaeparhie|Michael (Donskoff)eparhii]] of Geneva and Western Europeîn lumea întreagă.
Vicar bishopsEpiscopi eparhiali:* Bishop Mitropolit [[Daniel Laurus (AlexandrowSkurla) of Eriede New York|Daniel Laurus (AlexandrowSkurla)]] of Eriede New York şi America Estică, Vicar of the President of the Synod of Bishops for the service of Old BelieversPrim Ierarh la Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse din Afara Rusiei, Episcop eparhial al Eparhiei Sfânta Treime-Siracuza, ''[[Locum Tenens]]'' al zonei estice a Eparhiei de Montreal şi Canada* Arhiepiscop [[Alypy (Gamanovich) de Chicago|Alypy (Gamanovich)]] de Chicago şi AMerica de Mijloc* Bishop Arhiepiscop [[Gabriel Marcu (ChemodakovArndt) of Manhattande Berlin|Gabriel Marcu (ChemodakovArndt)]] of Manhattande Berlin, Vicar of the Eastern American and New York DioceseGermania şi Marea Britanie* Bishop Arhiepiscop [[Agapit Hilarion (GorachekKapral) of Stuttgartde Sydney|Agapit Hilarion (GorachekKapral)]] of Stuttgartde Sydney, Vicar of the German Diocese[[Eparhia de Australia şi Noua Zeelandă (ROCOR)|Australia şi Noua Zeelandă]]* Bishop Arhiepiscop [[Peter Kyrill (LoukianoffDmitrieff) of Clevelandde San Francisco|Peter Kyrill (LoukianoffDmitrieff)]] of Clevelandde San Francisco şi America Vestică, Vicar of the Chicago DioceseLocum Tenens al zonei vestice a Eparhiei de Montreal şi Canada* Episcop [[Michael (Donskoff) de Geneva|Michael (Donskoff)]] de Geneva şi Europa Vestică
Retired bishopsEpiscopi vicari:* Bishop Episcop [[Ambrose Daniel (CantacuzèneAlexandrow) of Genevade Irlanda|Ambrose Daniel (CantacuzèneAlexandrow)]]de Irlanda, RetiredVicar al Preşedintelui Sinodului Episcopilor pentru slujbele Vechi-credincioşilor* Episcop [[Gabriel (Chemodakov) de Manhattan|Gabriel (Chemodakov)]] de Manhattan, formerly of Geneva and Western EuropeVicar al Eparhiei Americii de Est şi de New York* Bishop Episcop [[Varnava Agapit (ProkofievGorachek) of Cannesde Stuttgart|Varnava Agapit (ProkofievGorachek)]]de Stuttgart, Retired, formerly of CannesVicar al Eparhiei Germane* Episcop [[Peter (Loukianoff) de Cleveland|Peter (Loukianoff)]] de Cleveland, Vicar for the Western European dioceseal Eparhiei de Chicago
Bishop transfered to Moscow PatriarchateEpiscopi retraşi:* Bishop Episcop [[Evtikhii Ambrose (KurochkinCantacuzène) of Ishimde Geneva|Evtikhii Ambrose (KurochkinCantacuzène)]] of Domodedovo, Patriarchal pensionat, fost de Geneva şi Europa Vestică* Episcop [[Varnava (Prokofiev) de Cannes|Varnava (Prokofiev)]], pensionat, fost de Cannes, Vicar for the service of the parishes in Russia which had been under ROCORal Eparhiei Europei de Vest
Suspended bishops:Episcopi transferaţi în Patriarhia Moscovei* Bishop Episcop [[Agafangel Evtikhii (PashkovskyKurochkin) of Simferopolde Ishim|Agafangel Evtikhii (PashkovskyKurochkin)]]de Domodedovo, suspended. Formerly bishop of Odessa and the CrimeaVicar Patriarhal pentru slujbele parohiilor din Rusia care au fost sub ROCOR
Episcopi suspendaţi:
* Episcop [[Agafangel (Pashkovsky) de Simferopol|Agafangel (Pashkovsky)]], suspendat. Fost episcop de Odessa şi Crimeea
Former bishopsEpiscopi adormiţi:* Metropolitan Mitropolit [[Anthony (Khrapovitsky) of de Kiev]] (reposed on August adormit în 10, august 1936, in în Sremsky Karlovtsy, Serbia).* Metropolitan Mitropolit [[Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinevde Chişinău]] (reposed on May adormit în 22, mai 1965).* Metropolitan Mitropolit [[Vitaly (Ustinov) of de New York]] (reposed on adormit în September 25, 2006 in în Mansonville, Canada). * Archbishop Arhiepiscop [[Vitaly (Maximenko) of Jersey City]] (Reposed in adormit în 1960)*Archbishop Arhiepiscop [[John (Maximovitch) of San Francisco]] (Reposed July adormit în 2, iulie 1966, glorified as a saint July sanctificatîn 2, iulie 1994).* Bishop Episcop [[Alexander (Mileant) of de Buenos Aires|Alexander (Mileant)]] of de Buenos Aires and South şi America de Sud (reposed adormit în [[September 13]], 2005 [http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/news05/balexdeath.html])* Bishop Episcop [[Mitrophan (Znosko-Borovsky) of de Boston]], reposed February adormit în 15, februarie 2002.
==See alsoVezi şi==*[[ROCOR and şi OCA]]
==NotesReferinţe== <div class="references-small"> <references />
</div>
==External linksLegături externe==
*[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/ Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia] (Official site, Russian)
*[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/indexeng.htm Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia] (Official site, English)
*[http://www.roca.org/ ROCA: A collection of Russian Orthodox Materials] (Unofficial site)
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/roca_history.aspx History of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad], by St. [[John MaximovitchIoan Maximovici]]
*[http://gnisios.narod.ru/bisrocor.html Bishops of the ROCOR]
*[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/articles/svassasobor.htm "Glory be to God, Who Did Not Abandon His Church": The Self-Awareness of ROCOR at the Third All-Diaspora Council of 1974], by Nun Vassa (Larin)
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