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'''DonatismDonatismul''' was a controversy that arose within the Orthodox Church during the early fourth centuryfost o controversă care a apărut în Biserica Ortodoxă la începutul secolului al IV-lea. The controversy resulted in Această controversă a dus la o [[schismschismă]] that later was condemned as care mai târziu a fost condamnată ca [[heresyerezie]]. The controversy was largely an issue with actions of an asceticÎn principal, controversa a privit o sectă extremistă, extremest sect in the western Churchascetică din biserica apuseană, confined mostly to the Roman province of răspândită mai ales în provincia romană Africa. The controversy centered on Controversa s-a referit la un singur subiect care a single issue arising out of the persecutions of the early fourth century. That was how should those who lapsed during the persecutions be accepted back into the Churchapărut în urma persecuţiilor de la începutul secolului al IV-lea şi se referea la cum ar trebui primiţi înapoi în biserică cei care renunţau la credinţă în timpul persecuţiilor, especially lapsed în special [[clergycler]]ul care renunţa la credinţă. Doctrine was not involvedDoctrina nu a fost în nici un fel implicată.

==HistoryIstoric==The origins of the schism resulted from the disagreement between members of the sectOriginile schismei au apărut datorită dezacordurilor dintre membrii unei secte, later called Donatistsnumiţi ulterior donatişti, and other members of the Orthodox Churchşi membrii Bisericii Ortodoxe. The Emperor Împăratul [[DiocletianDiocleţian]]a iniţiat o serie de persecuţii împortiva creştinilor în timpul domniei sale de la sfârşitul secolului al III-lea şi începutul secolului al IV-lea, during his rule of the late third and early fourth centuries, instituted persecutions, particularly those of în special în anii 302 to şi 305 that centered on Christians. He blamed them for the plagues and pestilences that swept western empire that caused economic and social instabilityEl îi acuza pe creştini că ar fi vinovaţi de molimele şi ciumele care s-au năpustit peste imperiul apusean cauzând instabilitate socială şi economică. These persecutions were most intense in Roman north AfricaPersecuţiile au fost foarte aspre cu precădere în nordul roman al Africii, around Carthageîn jurul Cartaginei. Those Christians who lapsedAcei creştini care renunţau la credinţa creştină şi distrugeau scrierile creştine sfinte şi apoi se închinau cultului divin imperial şi zeilor oficiali ai statului roman erau eliberaţi. Aceia care nu renunţau la credinţa creştină erau întemniţaţi şi, that is made offerings to the Imperial divine cult and Roman state gods and destroyed their sacred Christian writingsde obicei, were spared by the government. Those who did not were imprisoned and usually killedomorâţi. As possession of Christian literature was often the factor used to determine who was a ChristianDeoarece posesia de literatură creştină era adesea felul în care se stabilea dacă cineva este creştin, the members of the [[clergy]] were among those most vulnerable to persecutionmembrii clerului erau dintre cei mai vulnerabili la persecuţii. While many were În timp ce mulţi au suferit moarte [[martyrmucenic]]edească, many had lapsedmulţi alţii au renunţat la credinţă.

With the death of Diocletian in Odată cu moartea lui Diocleţian în 305 and şi cu promulgarea [[Constantine the GreatEdictul de la Milano|Edictului de la Milano]]’s declaration of the în 313 de către [[Edict of MilanConstantin cel Mare]] in 313, the persecutions endeds-au încheiat şi persecuţiile. As peace came to the ChurchOdată cu pacea care a venit asupra Bisericii, the Church had to face reconciliation of those who had lapsed and wished to return to the Churcha apărut şi problema împăcării cu cei care renunţaseră la credinţă şi care acum doreau să se reîntoarcă în Biserică, particularly among the clergyîn special clerul. While the ChurchÎn timp ce Biserica a urmat, in în general, followed the course of penance and forgivenessun drum al ispăşirii şi iertării, in în Africa a strong sense of ascetic purity aroseapărut un sentiment al purităţii ascetice. The members of this “purity” sect expressed strong feelings against those who had lapsedMembrii acestei secte a “purităţii” au fost foarte puternic împotriva celor care renunţaseră la credinţă, referring to them as numindu-i pe aceştia ''traditorstrădători'', Christians who had betrayed other Christianscreştini care trădaseră alţi creştini. The sect members would not accept any repentance by those whom they considered too be traditors and were not fit for further membership in the ChurchMembrii sectei nu au acceptat nici un fel de pocăinţă din partea celor care erau consideraţi trădători şi nu i-au primit pe aceştia înapoi în Biserică.

The issue came to Subiectul a head in atins apogeul în 311, Caecilian was consecrated bishop of Carthagecând Cecilian a fost hirotonit episcop de Cartagina. His consecration was disputed by many Carthaginians because one of the three consecrating Hirotonirea lui era contestată de mulţi cartaginezi deoarece unul din cei trei [[bishopepiscop]]si care l-au hirotonit pe Cecilian, şi anume Felix, bishop of episcop de Aptunga, had surrendered copies of the Scriptures to Roman persecutors and was considered a traditorpredase copiile Scripturilor către romani şi era considerat un trădător. A subsequent council of some seventy “purist” bishops formalized the dispute and declared Caecilian’s consecration invalidUn sinod ulterior format din şaptezeci de episcopi “purişti” au oficializat disputa şi au declarat hirotonirea lui Cecilian ca fiind invalidă. They then elected as bishop Apoi, l-au ales pe Majorinusca episcop, who had denounced “Roman collaborators” and refused to reconcile clergy who had lapsedcare a denunţat “colaboratorii cu romanii” şi a refuzat să se împace cu clerul care renunţase la credinţă. After he died in După moartea sa din 315, the schismatics elected schismaticii l-au ales pe [[Donatus Magnus|Donatus]] of de Casae Nigrae, a Berber Christianun creştin berber, as bishop of Carthageca episcop de Cartagina. In his long tenure (315 to 355) he became the spokesman for the sect and lent his name as the identity for the schismaticsÎn lunga sa păstorire, el a devenit purtătorul de cuvânt al sectei, the Donatistspână acolo încât numele său a devenit numele sectei - donatiştii.

In addition to their practice of aesthetic and extreme purityPe lângă practicile lor ascetice şi de puritate extremă, the sect’s practice of reşi obiceiul de a-baptizing lapsed Christians was offensive to the Orthodoxi reboteza pe creştini era ofensator pentru Biserica Ortodoxă. While the established church would accept lapsed clergy back to serve after a period of penanceÎn timp ce biserica oficială accepta clerul apostaziat din nou la slujire după o perioadă de pocăinţă, the Donastists declared that they were ineligible to perform the sacramentsdonatiştii au declarat că aceştia nu puteau slujii tainele. The sect’s practices were condemned at the Orthodox Practicile sectei au fost condamnate la [[Synodsinod]] of ul ortodox din Arles in în 314 and by the emperorşi de către împărat, de [[Constantine the GreatConstantin cel Mare|Constantine Constantin I]]. In În 316, the Donatists formed their own donatiştii şi-au înfiinţat propria [[hierarchyierarhie]] and split from the Churchşi s-au separat de Biserică.

The Donatists schism grew until, by Schisma donatistă a crescut până în 350, they outnumbered the Orthodox in north depăşindu-i numeric pe ortodocşii din Africade Nord. Fiecare oraş avea doi episcopi, unul ortodox şi unul donatist. Each city had both an Orthodox and Fluxul nu s-a Donatist bishop. The tide did not turn against the Donatists until the fifth century when St. întors împotriva donatiştilor decât în secolul al V-lea când Sfântul [[Augustine of Augustin din Hippo|AugustineAugustin]] in his writings and debates with Donatist bishops in Carthage strongly challenged their positiona atact puternic poziţia donatiştilor în scrierile sale şi în disputele cu episcopii donatişti. The Donatist movement then waned greatlyApoi, and they completely disappeared under the force of the Muslim conquests of the seventh centurymişcarea donatistă a regresat puternic, iar după cucerirea musulmană din secolul al VII-lea, a dispărut complet.

==External links==*[[w:Donatist]] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05121a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Donatism]*[http://www.earlychristianhistory.net/donatus.html Early Christian History: Donatism]*[http://www.carm.org/heresy/donatism.htm Donatism] [[Category: Heresies]] [[el:Δονατισμός]]'''Donatism''' was a controversy that arose within the Orthodox Church during the early fourth century. The controversy resulted in a [[schism]] that later was condemned as a [[heresy]]. The controversy was largely an issue with actions of an ascetic, extremest sect in the western Church, confined mostly to the Roman province of Africa. The controversy centered on a single issue arising out of the persecutions of the early fourth century. That was how should those who lapsed during the persecutions be accepted back into the Church, especially lapsed [[clergy]]. Doctrine was not involved. ==History==The origins of the schism resulted from the disagreement between members of the sect, later called Donatists, and other members of the Orthodox Church. The Emperor [[Diocletian]], during his rule of the late third and early fourth centuries, instituted persecutions, particularly those of 302 to 305 that centered on Christians. He blamed them for the plagues and pestilences that swept western empire that caused economic and social instability. These persecutions were most intense in Roman north Africa, around Carthage. Those Christians who lapsed, that is made offerings to the Imperial divine cult and Roman state gods and destroyed their sacred Christian writings, were spared by the government. Those who did not were imprisoned and usually killed. As possession of Christian literature was often the factor used to determine who was a Christian, the members of the [[clergy]] were among those most vulnerable to persecution. While many were [[martyr]]ed, many had lapsed. With the death of Diocletian in 305 and [[Constantine the Great]]’s declaration of the [[Edict of Milan]] in 313, the persecutions ended. As peace came to the Church, the Church had to face reconciliation of those who had lapsed and wished to return to the Church, particularly among the clergy. While the Church, in general, followed the course of penance and forgiveness, in Africa a strong sense of ascetic purity arose. The members of this “purity” sect expressed strong feelings against those who had lapsed, referring to them as ''traditors'', Christians who had betrayed other Christians. The sect members would not accept any repentance by those whom they considered too be traditors and were not fit for further membership in the Church. The issue came to a head in 311, Caecilian was consecrated bishop of Carthage. His consecration was disputed by many Carthaginians because one of the three consecrating [[bishop]]s, Felix, bishop of Aptunga, had surrendered copies of the Scriptures to Roman persecutors and was considered a traditor. A subsequent council of some seventy “purist” bishops formalized the dispute and declared Caecilian’s consecration invalid. They then elected as bishop Majorinus, who had denounced “Roman collaborators” and refused to reconcile clergy who had lapsed. After he died in 315, the schismatics elected [[Donatus Magnus|Donatus]] of Casae Nigrae, a Berber Christian, as bishop of Carthage. In his long tenure (315 to 355) he became the spokesman for the sect and lent his name as the identity for the schismatics, the Donatists.  In addition to their practice of aesthetic and extreme purity, the sect’s practice of re-baptizing lapsed Christians was offensive to the Orthodox. While the established church would accept lapsed clergy back to serve after a period of penance, the Donastists declared that they were ineligible to perform the sacraments. The sect’s practices were condemned at the Orthodox [[Synod]] of Arles in 314 and by the emperor, [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]]. In 316, the Donatists formed their own [[hierarchy]] and split from the Church. The Donatists schism grew until, by 350, they outnumbered the Orthodox in north Africa. Each city had both an Orthodox and a Donatist bishop. The tide did not turn against the Donatists until the fifth century when St. [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] in his writings and debates with Donatist bishops in Carthage strongly challenged their position. The Donatist movement then waned greatly, and they completely disappeared under the force of the Muslim conquests of the seventh century. ==External linksLegături externe==